Photos de mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For extra uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Mata Hari
Mata Hari, c. 1910
Born	Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (1876-08-07)7 August 1876 Leeuwarden, Netherlands
Died	15 October 1917(1917-10-15) (aged 41) Vincennes, France
Cause of death	Execution by firing squad
Occupations	Exotic dancer courtesan spy
Spouse	Rudolf Lav MacLeod ​ ​ (m. 1895; div. 1906)​
Children	2
Espionage activity
Allegiance
Service branch	Deuxième Bureau
Service years	1916–1917

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), preferable known by the stage designation Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye register the day'), was a Country exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being fastidious spy for Germany during False War I.

She was perfected by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a good-looking exotic dancer using her reason of seduction as a mole made her name synonymous speed up the femme fatale. Her edifice has inspired books, films, fairy story other works.

It has anachronistic said that she was evil and condemned because the Gallic Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] obscure that the files used type secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated think it over Mata Hari could not hold been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 sketch Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje machine der Meulen (1842–1891) and organized husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910).^[6] She had three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad.

She was affectionately denominated "M'greet" by her family.^[7] Teeth of traditional assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[7] Malaysian,^[8] or Javanese, i.e., Indonesian droplet, scholars conclude she had thumb Jewish or Asian ancestry, skull both of her parents were Dutch.^[9] Her father owned simple hat shop, made investments return the oil industry, and became affluent enough to give Margaretha and her siblings a liberal early childhood^[10] that included unique schools until the age neat as a new pin 13.^[11]

Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt in 1889, her parents divorced, and her mother athletic in 1891.^[10][11] Her father remarried in Amsterdam on 9 Feb 1893 to Susanna Catharina pack Hoove (1844–1913).

The family coating apart, and Margaretha was hurl to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She well-thought-out to be a kindergarten professor in Leiden, but when primacy headmaster began to flirt reduce her conspicuously, she was cool-headed from the institution by respite godfather.^[10][11][12] A few months following, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.^[12]

Dutch Eastward Indies

At 18, Margaretha answered take in advertisement in a Dutch periodical placed by Dutch colonial grey captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was higher for a wife.

Margaretha united MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was rectitude son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of honourableness Gesto branch of the MacLeods of Skye, hence his Caledonian surname) and Dina Louisa, Peeress Sweerts de Landas. The affection enabled Zelle to move run into the Dutch upper class attend to placed her finances on dialect trig sound footing.

She moved seam her husband to Malang oxidisation the east side of rendering island of Java, travelling raze on the SS Prinses Amalia remove May 1897. They had glimmer children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) essential Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall a disappointment.^[13] Rudolf was an alcoholic, physically abused Margaretha, and blamed her for top lack of promotion.

He exactly kept a concubine, a socially accepted practice in the Country East Indies at the regarding. When Rudolf was posted have got to Medan, Margaretha and the descendants remained in Toempoeng with blue blood the gentry family of Mr. van Rheede, the government comptroller.^[14] Friends jump at Margaretha's in the Netherlands honour her writing to them swivel this time to say delay she had taken the nickname Mata Hari, the word be thankful for "sun" in the local Bahasa language (literally, "eye of goodness day").^[15]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha exchanged to him, but his action did not change.

In 1899, their children fell violently donate to from complications relating to primacy treatment of syphilis contracted punishment their parents,^[16] though the kith and kin claimed an irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Linksman died. Some sources^{[11][unreliable source?]} persevere in that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned their spread to kill both of their children.

After moving back yearning the Netherlands, the couple seemingly separated on 30 August 1902. The divorce became final assimilate 1906, and Margaretha was awarded custody of Jeanne. Rudolf was legally required to pay progeny support but never did. In times past when Jeanne visited Rudolf, soil did not return her inhibit her mother.

Margaretha did wail have the resources to engage the situation and accepted clean out, believing that while Rudolf difficult to understand been an abusive husband, unquestionable had been a good paterfamilias. Jeanne later died at illustriousness age of 21, possibly depart from complications related to syphilis.^[12][17]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle moved to Paris, turn she performed as a halo horse rider using the honour Lady MacLeod, much to picture disapproval of the Dutch MacLeods.

Struggling to earn a woodland, she also posed as button artist's model.^[18]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose to prominence as undermine exotic dancer. She was cool contemporary of dancers Isadora Dancer and Ruth St. Denis, dazzling in the early modern shove movement, which around the cycle of the 20th century, looked to Asia and Egypt funding artistic inspiration.

Gabriel Astruc became her personal booking agent.^[11]

Promiscuous, coquettish, and openly flaunting her item, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight benefit from the debut of unlimited act at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[19] She became the long-time mistress promote to the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded honourableness Musée.

Entertainers of her epoch commonly invented colourful stories realize their origins, and she fake as a Javanese princess grounding priestly Hindu birth, pretending dealings have been immersed in ethics art of sacred Indian romp since childhood. She was photographed numerous times during this calm, nude or nearly so. Thick-skinned of these pictures were procured by MacLeod and strengthened surmount case in keeping custody ingratiate yourself their daughter.^[20]

Mata Hari brought topping carefree provocative style to rectitude stage in her act, which garnered wide acclaim.

The uppermost celebrated segment of her unreceptive was her progressive shedding time off clothing until she wore fair-minded a jeweled breastplate and dehydrated ornaments upon her arms pole head.^[11] She was never special bare-chested as she was silly about having small breasts. Inconvenient in her career, she wore a bodystocking for her course of action that was similar in facial appearance to her skin, but think it over was later omitted.^[12]

Her act was successful because it elevated flirtatious dance to a more admirable status and broke new beginning in a style of cheer for which Paris was posterior world-famous.

Her style and free-willed attitude made her popular, although did her eagerness to action in exotic and revealing costume. She posed for provocative kodachromes and mingled in wealthy spiral. Since most Europeans at character time were unfamiliar with rectitude Dutch East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of as foreign, and her claims were public as genuine.

One enthusiastic Nation journalist wrote in a Town newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, the thousand curves roost movements of her body rickety in a thousand rhythms."^[21] Creep journalist in Vienna wrote name seeing one of her feat that Mata Hari was "slender and tall with the feisty grace of a wild critter, and with blue-black hair" innermost that her face "makes uncut strange foreign impression."^[21]

By about 1910, myriad imitators had arisen.

Critics began to opine that loftiness success and dazzling features deduction the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap exhibitionism illustrious lacked artistic merit. Although she continued to schedule important general events throughout Europe, she was disdained by serious cultural institutions as a dancer who exact not know how to dance.^[11]

Mata Hari's career went into demur after 1912.

On 13 Step 1915, she performed in leadership last show of her career.^[22] She had begun her continuance relatively late as a pardner and had started putting resolve weight. However, by this sicken, she had become a creation courtesan, known more for take it easy sensuality and eroticism than let in her classical beauty. She confidential relationships with high-ranking military organization, politicians, and others in resounding positions in many countries.

Crack up relationships and liaisons with well-built men frequently took her perimeter international borders. Before World Combat I, she was generally purported as an artist and a-okay free-spirited bohemian, but as fighting approached, she began to have on seen by some as deft wanton and promiscuous woman, viewpoint perhaps a dangerous seductress.^[23]

Espionage

During Sphere War I, the Netherlands remained neutral.

As a Dutch theme, Zelle was thus able relate to cross national borders freely. Command somebody to avoid the battlefields, she voyage between France and the Holland via Spain and Britain, wallet her movements inevitably attracted speak to. During the war, Zelle was involved in what was averred as a very intense romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Staff Coxswain of the 1st Special Foot Regiment serving with the Land, whom she called the passion of her life.^[24] Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong Land Expeditionary Force sent to nobility Western Front in the well 2 of 1916.^[25]

In April 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting in righteousness ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to keep back the German controlled fortified Brimont mountain range, losing his inspection in his left eye, which led Zelle to ask result in permission to visit her goal lover at the hospital wheel he was staying near birth front.^[24] As a citizen foothold a neutral country, Zelle would not normally be allowed next to the front.

Zelle was reduce by agents from the Deuxième Bureau who told her focus she would be allowed look after see Maslov if she in complete accord to spy for France.^[24]

Before greatness war, Zelle had performed owing to Mata Hari several times previously the Crown Prince Wilhelm, progeny son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a senior Teutonic general on the Western Front.^[24] The Deuxième Bureau believed she could obtain information by siren the Crown Prince for brave secrets.^[24] In fact, his disclose was minimal, and it was German government propaganda that promoted the image of the Enfold Prince as a great man-at-arms, the worthy successor to representation Hohenzollern monarchs who had energetic Prussia strong and powerful.^[26] They wanted to avoid publicizing ensure the man expected to just the next Kaiser was splendid playboy noted for womanizing, gambol, and indulging in alcohol, who spent another portion of emperor time associating with far cautious politicians, with the intent save for have his father declared schizoid and deposed.^[24]

Unaware that the Coronet Prince did not have ostentatious to do with the self-control of Army Group Crown Sovereign or the 5th Army, interpretation Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and provide Author with good intelligence about European plans.^[24] The fact that say publicly Crown Prince had, before 1914, never commanded a unit enhanced than a regiment, and was now supposedly commanding both plug up army and an army objective at the same time forced to have been a clue go off at a tangent his role in German at fault was mostly nominal.

Zelle's come into contact with with the Deuxième Bureau was Captain Georges Ladoux, who following emerged as one of companion principal accusers.^[21]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Spain alongside the steamship Zeelandia.^[27] When loftiness ship called at the Land port of Falmouth she was arrested and taken to Writer, where she was interrogated unexpected result length by Sir Basil Physicist, assistant commissioner at New Scotland Yard in charge of mechanic.

He gave an account spend this in his 1922 volume Queer People, saying that she eventually admitted to working answer the Deuxième Bureau. Initially belated in Canon Row police place, she was then released bear stayed at the Savoy Lodging. A full transcript of goodness interview is in Britain's Official Archives and was broadcast, goslow Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, on the independent status LBC in 1980.^[28] It deference unclear if she lied anarchy this occasion, believing the anecdote made her sound more provocative, or if French authorities were using her in such orderly way but would not receive her due to the discomposure and international backlash it could cause.^[29]

In late 1916, Zelle travel to Madrid, where she trip over the German military attaché Larger Arnold Kalle and asked postulate he could arrange a accession with the Crown Prince.^[30] At near this period, Zelle apparently offered to share French secrets gather Germany in exchange for process, though whether this was by reason of of greed or an action to set up a hearing with Crown Prince Wilhelm residue unclear.^[30]

In January 1917, Major Kalle transmitted radio messages to Songster describing the helpful activities slant a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely twinned Zelle's that it was patent that Agent H-21 could exclusive be Mata Hari.^[30] The Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages significant, from the information they selfcontained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari.

The messages were in natty code that German intelligence knew had already been broken encourage the French, suggesting that representation messages were contrived to take Zelle arrested by the French.^[30][31]

General Walter Nicolai, the chief Unhelpful (intelligence officer) of the Germanic Army, had grown very bothered that Mata Hari had wanting him with no intelligence inexact of the name, instead compromise the Germans mere Paris chat about the sex lives liberation French politicians and generals, instruction decided to terminate her assignment by exposing her as practised German spy to the French.^[32]

Trial

In December 1916, the Second Company of the French War Office holy orders let Mata Hari obtain character names of six Belgian agents.

Five were suspected of submitting fake material and working cart the Germans, while the ordinal was suspected of being neat double agent for Germany boss France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Paris parade a trip to Madrid, justness Germans executed the double representative while the five others extended their operations.

This development swarming to the Second Bureau deviate Mata Hari had communicated nobleness names of the six spies to the Germans.^[33]

On 13 Feb 1917, Mata Hari was under legal restraint in her room at nobleness Hotel Elysée Palace on dignity Champs Elysées in Paris. She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying for Deutschland and consequently causing the deaths of at least 50,000 general public.

Although the French and Land intelligence suspected her of 1 for Germany, neither could conceal yourself definite evidence against her.

A harlot? Yes, but smart traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during the trial

Zelle's dominant interrogator, who grilled her insistently, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; dirt later prosecuted her at trial.^[21] Bouchardon established that much classic the Mata Hari persona was invented.

Far from being grand Javanese princess, Zelle was Nation, which he used as remainder of her dubious and frightful character at her trial. Zelle admitted to Bouchardon that she had accepted 20,000 francs expend a German diplomat and past lover as reimbursement for object taken from her by Teutonic authorities. Bouchardon claimed that that was, in fact, payment succumb her for spying for Deutschland.

In the meantime, Ladoux challenging been preparing a case realize his former agent by company all of her activities admire the worst possible light, travelling fair so far as to believe in evidence tampering.^[21]

Scapegoat

In 1917, Writer had been badly shaken give up the Great Mutinies of significance French Army in the source of 1917 following the non-performance of the Nivelle Offensive increase in intensity massive strikes.

France might imitate collapsed from war exhaustion. Acceptance one German spy on whom everything that went wrong hang together the war could be blessed was convenient for the Sculptor government. Mata Hari seemed honesty perfect scapegoat. The case side her received maximum publicity find guilty the French press and welltodo to her importance being seriously exaggerated.^[34] The Canadian historian Reverend Wark stated in a 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an important spy on the contrary a scapegoat for French militaristic failures that had nothing show do with her.

Wark stated: "They needed a scapegoat, come first she was a notable easy target for scapegoating."^[35] The British diarist Julie Wheelwright stated: "She indeed did not pass on anything that you couldn't find quickwitted the local newspapers in Spain."^[35] Wheelwright described Zelle as "an independent woman, a divorcée, top-hole citizen of a neutral nation, a courtesan, and a choreographer, which made her a integral scapegoat for the French, who were then losing the warfare.

She was ... held recruit as an example of what might happen if your need were too loose."^[35]

Claiming her candour, Zelle wrote letters to decency Dutch Ambassador in Paris. "My international connections are due [to] my work as a partner, nothing else .... Because I in actuality did not spy, it remains terrible that I cannot exculpate myself."^[36] The most terrible lecture heartbreaking moment for Mata Hari during the trial occurred while in the manner tha her lover Maslov—by now from the bottom of one` embittered as a result be more or less losing his eye in combat—declined to testify for her pole told her that he upfront not care whether she was convicted.^[37] When Zelle learned ditch Maslov had abandoned her, she fainted.^[38]

Her defense counsel, veteran worldwide lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[39] faced unsuitable odds; he was denied sayso to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or to examine his witnesses directly.^[40] Bouchardon used the accomplishment that Zelle was a spouse as evidence of her offence, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed be acquainted with making use of men, she is the type of wife who is born to pull up a spy."^[21] Zelle has much been portrayed as a femme fatale, the dangerous, seductive eve who uses her sexuality meet manipulate men effortlessly, but bareness view her differently: in excellence words of the American historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Comedienne she was "naïve and modestly duped", a victim of lower ranks rather than a victimizer.^[24]

Although talk reports following her execution designated she had admitted to 1 for Germany, Mata Hari feeling no such admission.

She fetid throughout her ordeal that she had never been a Germanic spy. At her trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that her hint were with the Allies view declared her passionate love flawless France, her adopted homeland. Require October 2001, documents released munch through the archives of MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used by on the rocks Dutch group, the Mata Hari Foundation, to ask the Gallic government to exonerate Zelle translation they argued that the MI5 files proved she was band guilty of the charges she was convicted of.^[4] A agency from the Mata Hari Basement argued that at most, Zelle was a low-level spy who provided no secrets to either side, stating: "We believe mosey there are sufficient doubts relating to the dossier of information go off was used to convict improve to warrant re-opening the happening.

Maybe she wasn't entirely unimpeachable, but it seems clear she wasn't the master-spy whose acquaintance sent thousands of soldiers calculate their deaths, as has bent claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by a-one firing squad consisting of 12 French soldiers just before inception on 15 October 1917.

She was 41.^[41] According to spoil eyewitness account by British hack Henry Wales, she was call bound and refused a slow. She defiantly blew a osculate to the firing squad.^[30]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported ensure at her execution, she wore "a neat Amazonian tailored put in, especially made for the case, and a pair of different white gloves",^[42] though another upholding indicates she wore the precise suit, low-cut blouse, and tricorne hat ensemble which had back number picked out by her accusers for her to wear bully trial, and which was standstill the only full, clean continuation which she had in prison.^[17] Neither description matches photographic data.

Wales recorded her death, speech that after the volley nigh on shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, her head up always, gift without the slightest change incessantly expression on her face. House the fraction of a subordinate it seemed she tottered adjacent to, on her knees, gazing evasively at those who had entranced her life.

Then she cut backward, bending at the halfway point, with her legs doubled engorge beneath her." A non-commissioned flatfoot then walked up to unconditional body, pulled out his pistol, and shot her in magnanimity head to make sure she was dead.^[43]

Remains and 2017 Romance declassification

Mata Hari's body was sound claimed by any family affiliates and was accordingly used long for medical study.

Her head was embalmed and kept in goodness Museum of Anatomy in Town. In 2000, archivists discovered put off it had disappeared, possibly since early as 1954, according give somebody the job of curator Roger Saban, during birth museum's relocation.^[44] Her head relic missing.^[45][46] Records dated 1918 agricultural show that the museum also conventional the rest of the entity, but none of the glimmer could later be accounted for.^[47]

Mata Hari's sealed trial and show aggression related documents, a total do paperwork 1,275 pages, were declassified surpass the French Army in 2017, one hundred years after an extra execution.^[48]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) in Leeuwarden, Holland, contains a "Mata Hari Room".

Included in the exhibit complete two of her personal scrapbooks and an oriental rug yearning with the footsteps of refuse fan dance.^[49] Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum is well known for shameful the life and career method Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was unfasten in the Museum of State on 14 October 2017, distinct hundred years after her grip.

Mata Hari's birthplace is theatre in the building at Kelders 33. The building suffered fumes and water damage during top-notch fire in 2013 but was later restored. Architect Silvester Adema studied old drawings of picture storefront to reconstruct it since it appeared when Adam Zelle, the father of Mata Hari, had a hat shop thither.

In 2016, an information heart (belevingscentrum) was created in grandeur building displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[50]

In popular culture

The idea disregard an exotic dancer working hoot a lethal double agent inspiring her powers of seduction think a lot of extract military secrets from disintegrate many lovers made Mata Hari an enduring archetype of glory femme fatale.^[52]

Her life inspired not too films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood movement picture starring Greta Garbo
• In high-mindedness 1939 romantic comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett is hired surpass Allyn Joslyn's gossip columnist everywhere spy on the film's brace protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[53]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and River Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond travesty Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet high-sounding Mata Bond, said to well the daughter of James Accumulation and Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Spanish comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with an accountant endure her Spanish maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates her in untainted espionage imbroglio.^[54]
• In the 1970 Earth series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of keen secret agent, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British drollery film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; The Magic Camera", an experience of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, Oct 1916", a 1993 episode clutch The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is portrayed by Domiziana Giordano.

  Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, charming his virginity.^[55] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited into say publicly second half of the crust Demons of Deception.

• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Naked Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese Boob tube series, stars Vahina Giocante calculate the title role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari is portrayed by European actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's living also inspired at least fin stage musicals:

• Mata Hari embankment 1967, starring Pernell Roberts build up Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Smith, and Reproach Chappell, premiered in 1982 chimpanzee the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith.^[56]
• Mata!, leave your job words and music by Dynasty Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Famous Theatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari at the Moulin Rouge get ahead of Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Korea in March 2016.
• One Last Night with Mata Hari, written by Craig Walker business partner music by John Burge, debuted at the Isabel Bader Midst for the Performing Arts limit Kingston, Ontario, in January 2017.^[57][58]
• In 2022, its musical adaptation timorous director Kim Moon Jeong enjoin performed by the South Asiatic singer Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named after Mata Hari imitate appeared at the Eurovision Ditty Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled.

She twice won backing honors as the top crumpet in the sport. In 1943, when in foal to gentleman champion Balladier, she produced Secret-service agent Song.

In 1977, Bally Making released an electromechanical pinball computer named after Mata Hari,^[60] highest a solid-state version in 1978.^[61]

In the 1982 release of Brave & Bees by the European band Telex (band), the one-tenth track on the album pump up dedicated to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Israeli singer Ofra Haza released a single titled "Mata Hari".^[62]

In February 2016, the Nation National Ballet premiered a two-act ballet entitled Mata Hari, reap Anna Tsygankova dancing the part of Mata Hari, choreography impervious to Ted Brandsen and music hunk Tarik O'Regan.^[63]

In 2017, the composition Mata Hari by librettist Prick Peers and composer Matt Draw premiered at New York's Original Festival.^[64] In August 2018, curtail was also produced by Westmost Edge Opera, with Tina Stargazer reprising her starring role.^[65]

In 2018, French nu-disco band L'Impératrice unconfined their album titled 'Matahari' inclusive of a song of the very alike name.^[66]

In 2019, English singer-songwriter Open Turner released a song tightness Mata Hari entitled "Eye cut into the Day" on his photo album No Man's Land.^[67][68]

In 2020, interpretation Dutch singer Kovacs released ingenious single titled “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 The Three Stooges satire of Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari review spoofed as "Mattie Herring," specious by Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an humanlike pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, where she attempts to betray Daffy Duck.

See also

References

Citations