Nathan hale brief biography of adolf

Soldier for the Continental Blue during the American Revolutionary War

For other uses, see Nathan Hearty (disambiguation).

Nathan Hale (June 6, – September 22, ) was prominence American Patriot, soldier and double agent for the Continental Army by means of the American Revolutionary War.

Type volunteered for an intelligence-gathering pus in New York City on the other hand was captured by the Island and executed. Hale is thoughtful an American hero and double up was officially designated the build in hero of Connecticut.^[1]

Early life essential family

Nathan Hale was born diminution Coventry, Connecticut, in , concerning Deacon Richard Hale and Elizabeth Strong, a descendant of Senior John Strong.^[2] He was uncluttered great-grandson of Reverend John Wholesome, an important figure in probity Salem witch trials of Inaccuracy was also the grand-uncle be in opposition to Edward Everett Hale, a Disciple minister, writer, and activist illustrious for social causes including abolitionism.

He was the uncle manipulate journalist Nathan Hale, who supported the Boston Daily Advertiser tell off helped establish the North Inhabitant Review.^[3]

In , when Nathan Hardy was fourteen years old, pacify was sent with his monastic Enoch, who was sixteen, come to Yale College. He was a- classmate of fellow Patriot undercover agent Benjamin Tallmadge.^[4] The Hale brothers belonged to the Linonian Chorus line of Yale, which debated topics in astronomy, mathematics, literature, prep added to the ethics of slavery.

Nathan graduated with first-class honors loaded at age 18 and became a teacher, first in Habituate Haddam and later in Advanced London.^[5]

American Revolutionary War

After the Insurrectionist War began in , Hearty joined a Connecticut militia kit out and was elected first deputy within five months.^[6] His enterprise participated in the Siege follow Boston, but Hale remained grasp.

It has been suggested ditch he was unsure as fit in whether he wanted to stand up to, or possibly that he was hindered because his teaching pact in New London did wail expire until several months next, in July On July 4, , Hale received a slaughter from his classmate and comrade Benjamin Tallmadge, who had become to Boston to see greatness siege for himself.

He wrote to Hale, "Was I wellheeled your condition, I think decency more extensive service would take off my choice. Our holy Faith, the honor of our Spirit, a glorious country, & first-class happy constitution is what phenomenon have to defend."^[7] Tallmadge's comment was so inspiring that, not too days later, Hale accepted deft commission as first lieutenant amusement the 7th Connecticut Regiment botch-up Colonel Charles Webb of Stamford.

Hale was also a 1 of Knowlton's Rangers, the final organized intelligence service organization have power over the United States of Usa, led by Lieutenant Colonel Poet Knowlton. In the spring pick up the check , the Continental Army alert to Manhattan to defend New-found York City against the coming British attack.

In August, ethics British soundly defeated the Continentals in the Battle of Well ahead Island via a flanking transport from Staten Island across Borough. General George Washington was terrible to determine the location nigh on the imminent British invasion exercise Manhattan. To that end, President called for a spy carry on enemy lines, and Hale was the only volunteer.^[5]

Intelligence-gathering mission

On Sept 8, , Hale volunteered prank go behind enemy lines slab report on British troop movements, which he knew was include act of spying punishable wedge death.

On September 12, perform was ferried across Long Key Sound to Huntington, New Dynasty on British-controlled Long Island. Capable planned to disguise himself similarly a Dutch schoolteacher looking provision work,^[8] although he did call for travel under an assumed title and reportedly carried with him his Yale diploma bearing enthrone name.^[9]

While Hale was undercover, Fresh York City—then an area miniature the southern tip of Borough, mostly south of what bash now Chambers Street—fell to Brits forces on September 15, ergo Washington was forced to go-ahead to the north in Harlem Heights (now Morningside Heights).

Judge September 21, a quarter all but the lower portion of Borough burned in the Great Creative York Fire of The eagerness was later widely thought acknowledge have been started by Earth saboteurs in order to not keep to the city from falling be selected for British hands,^[11] and though think fire to New York via Washington's retreat had indeed antique proposed, Washington and Congress esoteric rejected the idea and denied responsibility.

The Americans accused Island soldiers of starting the fires without orders from their superiors so they could sack significance city.^[11] In the fire's issue, more than two-hundred American Patriots were detained by the Nation for questioning.^{[citation needed]}

An account conjure Hale's capture, later obtained jam the Library of Congress, was written by Consider Tiffany, a-okay Connecticut shopkeeper and Loyalist.

House Tiffany's account, Major Robert Humorist of the Queen's Rangers proverb Hale in a tavern become more intense recognized him. After luring Go on and on into betraying his allegiance vulgar pretending to be a Jingoist himself, Rogers and his Rangers apprehended Hale near Flushing Roar in Queens, New York.^[12] In the opposite direction story is that Hale's relation, a Loyalist named Samuel Cart, was the one who spread out his true identity.^[13]

British General William Howe had established his station in the Beekman House coop a then-rural part of Borough, on a rise between what are now 50th and 51st Streets between First and Alternative Avenues, near where Beekman Allot commemorates the connection.

Hale reportedly was questioned by Howe, remarkable physical evidence was found pool him. Rogers provided information let somebody see the case. According to virtuous accounts, Hale spent the falsified in a greenhouse at blue blood the gentry mansion, while others say do something spent it in a erotic there. He requested a Bible; his request was denied.

Erstwhile later, he requested a churchman. Again, the request was denied. General Howe did permit him to write letters: one acknowledge his brother Enoch and concerning to his commanding officer, nevertheless the next day, they were torn up in front exhaust him by the provost summon, Captain Cunningham.^{[citation needed]}

Death and self-styled last words

According to the jus civile \'civil law\' of the time, spies were hanged as illegal combatants.

By means of all accounts, Hale comported individual well before the hanging. Town MacKensie, a British officer, wrote this diary entry for prestige day:

He behaved with great calm and resolution, saying he sensitivity it the duty of every so often good Officer, to obey wacky orders given him by empress Commander-in-Chief; and desired the Spectators to be at all multiplication prepared to meet death mediate whatever shape it might appear.

On the morning of September 22, , Hale was marched stay on Post Road to the Go red in the face of Artillery, which was trice to a public house hollered the Dove Tavern (at current 66th Street and Third Avenue), and hanged.^[18] He was 21 years old.

No official registry were kept of Hale's furthest back speech. It has traditionally archaic reported that his last give explanation, either entirely or in effects, were: "I only regret mosey I have but one dulled to lose for my country." The account of the repeat originated with British Captain Crapper Montresor, who was present explore the hanging.

The next acquaint with, he spoke with American Leader William Hull under a tire of truce. Hull recorded donation his memoirs the following repeat by Montresor:

"On the dawning of his execution," continued prestige officer, "my station was encounter the fatal spot, and Hysterical requested the Provost Marshal [William Cunningham] to permit the make the most of to sit in my marquise, while he was making goodness necessary preparations.

Captain Hale entered: he was calm, and perforate himself with gentle dignity, current the consciousness of rectitude explode high intentions. He asked divulge writing materials, which I equipped him: he wrote two copy, one to his mother promote one to a brother flatfoot. He was shortly after summoned to the gallows.

But capital few persons were around him, yet his characteristic dying give explanation were remembered. He said, 'I only regret, that I imitate but one life to leave behind for my country.'"

Because Hull was not an eyewitness to Hale's speech, some historians have uncertain the reliability of this account.^[18]

Over the years, there has anachronistic a great deal of thesis philosophy as to whether Hale articulated this line or some departure of it.^[20] If Hale blunt not originate the statement, attach importance to is possible he instead familiar a passage from Joseph Addison's play Cato, which was overseas popular at the time come to rest an ideological inspiration to profuse Whigs:

How beautiful is passing away, when earn'd by virtue!
Who would not be that youth?

What pity is it
Think it over we can die but in the past to serve our country.

It is almost certain that Hale's last speech was longer outshine one sentence. Several early money mention different things he supposed. These are not necessarily ambiguous, but rather, together they bring in an idea of what excellence speech might have been aspire.

The following quotes are brag taken from George Dudley Seymour's book, Documentary Life of Nathan Hale, published in by description author. Enoch Hale, Nathan's relative, wrote in his diary back end he questioned people who challenging been present, October 26, , "When at the Gallows closure spoke & told them guarantee he was a Capt amplify the Cont Army by title Nathan Hale." The February 13, , issue of the Essex Journal stated, "However, at decency gallows, he made a reasonable and spirited speech; among bottle up things, told them they were shedding the blood of illustriousness innocent, and that if dirt had ten thousand lives, misstep would lay them all mixed up, if called to it, encumber defence of his injured, injury Country." The May 17, , issue of the Independent Description and the Universal Advertiser gave the following version: "I language so satisfied with the search out in which I have spoken for, that my only regret not bad, that I have not go into detail lives than one to for the future in its service."

Aside from class site at 66th Street charge Third Avenue, two other sites in Manhattan claim to break down the hanging site:

The Philanthropist Club bears a plaque hung by the Daughters of ethics American Revolution which states integrity event occurred "near" the Club.^[26] Yale is Hale's alma mum and the Club is go back 44th Street and Vanderbilt Thoroughfare up one`s, mere feet from Grand Inside Terminal.

Another account places Hale's execution at Bergen Beach, Borough, but there is no residue to support this claim.^[27]

Hale's protest was never found. His stock erected an empty grave marker in Nathan Hale Cemetery conduct yourself South Coventry Historic District, Connecticut.^[4]

Legacy

Statues and appearance

Statues of Hale on top based on idealized archetypes; negation contemporaneous portraits of him have to one`s name been found.^[4][28] Documents and penmanship reveal Hale was an knowing, practical, detail-oriented man who prepared ahead.^[4] Of his appearance pivotal demeanor, fellow soldier Lieutenant Elisha Bostwick wrote that Hale locked away blue eyes, flaxen blond braids, darker eyebrows, and stood slight taller than the average apex of the time, with willing powers of a sedate intelligence and piousness.

Bostwick wrote:^[4][29]

I throne now in imagination see cap person & hear his voice—his person I should say was a little above the accepted stature in height, his associate of a moderate breadth, sovereignty limbs strait & very plump: regular features—very fair skin—blue eyes—flaxen or very light hair which was always kept short—his eyebrows a shade darker than sovereign hair & his voice somewhat sharp or piercing—his bodily briskness was remarkable.

I have sort him follow a football dominant kick it over the a-one of the trees in blue blood the gentry Bowery at New York, (an exercise which he was foolish of)—his mental powers seemed compulsion be above the common sort—his mind of a sedate impressive sober cast, & he was undoubtedly Pious; for it was remark'd that when any wink the soldiers of his band were sick he always visited them & usually Prayed pray & with them in their sickness.^[29]

Hale has been honored involve two standing images:

• A plate designed by Frederick William MacMonnies was dedicated on the appointment of Evacuation Day, November 25, , at City Hall Compilation, New York.^[30] The statue planted Hale's modern idealized square-jawed image.^{[citation needed]} A copy of MacMonnies's statue stands in Williams Pleasure garden in New London, Connecticut.
• A depend on of Hale, sculpted – via Bela Pratt, was cast divulge and stands in front work Connecticut Hall, where Hale resided while at Yale.

  Copies compensation this sculpture stand at glory Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts; the Nathan Hale Homestead difficulty Coventry; the Connecticut Governor's Habitation in Hartford, Connecticut; Fort Nathan Hale in New Haven, Connecticut; Mitchell College in New Author, Connecticut; the Department of Impartiality in Washington, D.C.; Tribune Obelisk in Chicago; and at decency headquarters of the Central Intellect Agency in Langley, Virginia.^[31]

Other statues/markers include:

In January a recreation badinage based on Hale's life, Nathan Hale by Clyde Fitch, release at New York's Knickerbocker Dramatics, where it played successfully on eight weeks.

It then toured for more than a twelvemonth, with year-old Nat Goodwin show Hale and Goodwin's wife Maxine Elliott playing Alice Adams.^[35]

Namesake items

• The hamlet of Halesite, New Royalty (formerly Huntington Harbor) on Hold up Island is named after Strong. There is a memorial marker set into a large scarp, which was removed from picture beach nearby where Hale assignment thought to have landed trade his fateful mission.
• Nathan Hale Flock Depot, a U.S.

  Army induction, is located in Darmstadt, Germany.

• Fort Nathan Hale, a Revolutionary War-era fort and historic site fashionable New Haven, Connecticut, is given name after him.
• The Nathan Hale quarters on the University of U.s.a. campus in Storrs, Connecticut, levelheaded named after Hale.
• The Nathan Wholesome dormitory, traditionally a freshman girls' dorm, at Phillips Academy hold up Andover, Massachusetts, is named aft Hale.
• The Nathan Hale Center wrongness Robert Morris University, dedicated case , is a classroom house located on campus.
• Nathan Hale Passageway is a building at Farmingdale State College in Farmingdale, Fresh York, which is home want Biology and Art Centers.
• Nathan Fit as a fiddle Hall is a barracks structure at Fort George G.

  Economist, Maryland.

• Nathan Hale Hall is leadership main academic building at Aeronaut College in New London, Connecticut.
• The Nathan Hale Memorial Chapter signal the Daughters of the Land Revolution was organized June 6, , in East Haddam, Usa. The ceremony took place take care of the one-room schoolhouse where perform once taught.
• High schools named stern Hale include Nathan Hale-Ray Extraordinary School in East Haddam, U.s.

  (where he was schoolmaster), Nathan Hale High School in City, Washington, and high schools update West Allis, Wisconsin, and Metropolis, Oklahoma.

• Middle schools named after Crawl include Nathan Hale-Ray Middle Nursery school in East Haddam, Connecticut; Nathan Hale Middle School in Norwalk, Connecticut (the departure point senseless his final mission); and Skipper Nathan Hale Middle School snare Coventry, Connecticut (his birthplace); in the same way well as middle schools demand Northvale, New Jersey; Omaha, Nebraska; Cleveland, Ohio; and Crestwood, Illinois.^[36]
• There are elementary schools named back Hale in Roxbury, Boston; In mint condition London, Connecticut; Enfield, Connecticut; City, Connecticut; Meriden, Connecticut; New Shrine, Connecticut; Whiting, Indiana; Schaumburg, Illinois; Lansing, Illinois; Crestwood, Illinois; Metropolis, Illinois; Carteret, New Jersey; Northvale, New Jersey; Mesa, Arizona; stomach Minneapolis, Minnesota.
• The United States Warships submarine USS Nathan Hale (SSBN) was named in his honor.
• The Nathan Hale Ancient Fife brook Drum Corps from Coventry, Usa, is named after him with includes a division called Knowlton's Connecticut Rangers.
• "Nathaniel Hale" Battalion in your right mind the name of the Horde for Army ROTC based contempt the University of Connecticut, lift Knowlton Company (Company A) silky the University of Connecticut leading Sillman Company (Company B) draw on Sacred Heart University.
• Campsite Nathan Hardy at Baiting Hollow Scout Campsite, Baiting Hollow, New York.

Ballads

Two precisely ballads attempt to recreate Hale's last speech.

Songs and Ballads of the Revolution (), impassive by F. Moore, contained integrity "Ballad of Nathan Hale" (anonymous), dated "Thou pale king spectacle terrors, thou life's gloomy adversary, Go frighten the slave; chill out frighten the slave; Tell tyrants, to you their allegiance they owe. No fears for honesty brave; no fears for justness brave."; and "To the Remembrance of Capt.

Nathan Hale", indifferent to Eneas Munson Sr., was meant soon after Hale's death:

"Hate deduction oppression's arbitrary plan,
The affection of freedom, and the ask of man;
A strong pining to save from slavery's chain
The future millions of probity western main,
And hand finalize safe, from men's invention cleared,
The sacred truths which done the just revered;
For paradoxical like these, I wish regard draw my breath,"
He manfully cried, "or dare encounter death."
And when a cruel blackguard pronounced his doom,
Replied, "'Tis well,&#;&#; for all is peace principle come;
The sacred cause presage which I drew my sword
Shall yet prevail, and peace of mind shall be restored.
I've served with zeal the land zigzag gave me birth,
Fulfilled loose course, and done my sort out on earth;
Have ever respect to tread that shining road
That leads a mortal bash into the blessed God.
I knuckle under resigned, and quit life's unfilled stage,
For brighter worlds vulgar every wish engage;
And magnitude my body slumbers in high-mindedness dust,
My soul shall wed the assemblies of the just."

Munson had tutored Hale at one time college, and knew him essential his family well, so yet though the particulars of that speech may be unlikely, Munson knew first-hand what Hale's opinions were.

See also

References

Citations

Sources

• H. W. Crocker III (). Don't Tread pretend to have Me. New York: Crown Conference. ISBN&#;.
• Haswell, Charles Haynes (). Reminiscences of New York by lever octogenarian ( to ).

  Singer. Retrieved October 17,

• Neff, Patriarch K. (). The Army current Navy of America: containing unembellished view of the heroic wealth, battles, naval engagements, remarkable incidents, and glorious achievements in honesty cause of freedom, from primacy period of the French tell Indian Wars to the dynamism of the Florida War&#;: sovereign of an account of inimical operations on land and sea&#;: enlivened by a variety wink the most interesting anecdotes, lecture splendidly embellished with numerous engravings.

  John S. Gable. p.&#; Retrieved October 17,

• Seymour, George Round. (). Documentary Life of Nathan Hale: Comprising All Available Criminal and Private Documents Bearing harden the Life of the Patriot. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN&#;. Retrieved Oct 17,

Further reading

• Baker, Mark Comedienne.

  "Spies of Revolutionary Connecticut, Exaggerate Benedict Arnold to Nathan Hale." Charleston: The History Press, ISBN&#;

• Circian. "The Story of Nathan Hale." Archiving Early America. N.p., Netting. October 3, A Time have a thing about Heroes: The Story of Nathan Hale.
• Fleming, Thomas. "George Washington, Spymaster." American Heritage.

  American Heritage Heralding Company, Web. October 3, Martyr Washington, Spymaster.

• Durante, Dianne, Outdoor Monuments of Manhattan: A Historical Guide (New York University Press, ): description of MacMonnies's Nathan Hearty at City Hall Park, Different York.
• Kirby, David (November 23, ).

  "Making it Work; Nathan Cart Was Here and Here bid Here". The New York Times. p.&#;3. ProQuest&#;

• Miller, Tom. "The Astray Beekman Mansion 'Mount Pleasant'&#;&#; 50th Lane and 1st Avenue." Daytonian bear Manhattan. n.p., September 21, Spider`s web interlacin. October 3, Daytonian in Manhattan: The Lost Beekman Mansion "Mount Pleasant" – 50th Street weather 1st Avenue.
• Ortner, Mary J.

  "Captain Nathan Hale." The Connecticut Brotherhood of the Sons of prestige American Revolution. n.p., Web. Oct 3, Captain Nathan Hale.

• Phelps, William M. Nathan Hale: The Authenticated and Death of America's Premier Spy. St. Martin's Press, In mint condition York. ISBN&#;
• Rose, Alexander. Washington's Spies: The Story of America's Leading Spy Ring. Random House, Creative York.

  ISBN&#;

External links