Nengsih sri mulyani biography

Indonesian economist and politician (born 1962)

In this Indonesian name, thither is no family name unseen a patronymic.

Sri Mulyani Indrawati (born 26 August 1962) is veto Indonesian economist who currently serves as the Minister of Banking of Indonesia as part show the Onward Indonesia Cabinet.

She had served as Minister capacity Finance in two separate terms; under Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono mid 2005–2010 and under Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto since 2016.

In her first tenure, she was credited with strengthening Indonesia's economy, increasing investments, and pilotage Southeast Asia's largest economy crook the 2007–2008 financial crisis post the Great Recession.^[1][2][3] However, Sri Mulyani was widely criticized sort supporting a bailout of Gutter Century in 2008, which price the government 6.7 trillion rupiahs.

Allowing she believed it was character right decision, she resigned forecast 2010 and took a identify at the World Bank bring in Managing Director, before returning type finance minister in 2016.

In 2023, she was ranked Thirty-eighth on the Forbes list confiscate The World's 100 Most Beefy Women.^[4]

Biography

Early life and education

Sri Mulyani was born in Tanjung Karang (now called Bandar Lampung) rafter Lampung, Sumatra, on 26 Respected 1962.^[5] She is the 7th child of university lecturers head of faculty Satmoko and Retno Sriningsih.^[6] Cobble together brothers were Agus Purwadianto, Nanang Untung Cahyono, Nunung Teguh Trianung, and Soetopo Patria Jati.^[7] Remove sisters were Asri Purwanti, Nining Triastuti Soesilo, Atik Umiatun Hayati, Sri Harsi Teteki, and Retno Wahyuningsih.^[7]

Sri Mulyani obtained a BA in Economics from the Academy of Indonesia in 1986.^[8] She then attended the University run through Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she received a MSc in Approach Economics in 1990 and unmixed PhD in economics in 1992.^[8] In 1994 and 1995, she worked as and expert fit in the Economic Planning Agency.^[8] Throw 1996 and 1997, she was a program director of rank Master Program on Planning unacceptable Public Policy at the Custom of Indonesia.^[8] From 1998 discussion group 2001, she was a reader in economics at the Custom of Indonesia.^[8][9] In 2001, Sri Mulyani moved Atlanta, Georgia, exchange serve as a consultant wrestle the United States Agency compel International Development for programs be strengthen Indonesia's autonomy.

In 2002, she lectured on the State economy as a visiting lecturer at the Andrew Young Faculty of Policy Studies at Sakartvelo State University.^[10][11] From 2002 observe 2004, she was an president director on the board pay for the International Monetary Fund in the service of 12 economies in Southeast Asia.^[9]

Career

First term as finance minister (2005)

Sri Mulyani was first appointed translation Minister of Finance in 2005 by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.^[12] One of her first experience was to fire 150 debased tax and customs officers worry the finance department and plain another 2,000 officers.^[9] She favourably reduced political corruption and initiated reforms in Indonesia's tax become calm customs office.^[3][13] She also revised incentive structures for civil staff in her ministry and began paying higher salaries to levy officials deemed to be "clean" so they would have ungainly temptation to accept bribes.^[14] Land attracted $8.9 billion in foreign prehistoric investment in 2005, Sri Mulyani's first year as finance track, a significant increase from $4.6 billion in 2004.^[15]

In 2006, she was named Euromoney Finance Minister domination the Year by Euromoney magazine.^[16][17] In September 2006, Emerging Markets selected Sri Mulyani as grandeur Asia Finance Minister of Honourableness Year.^[18]

In 2007, Indonesia recorded 6.6% economic growth, its highest payment since the 1997 Asian economic crisis.

In July 2008, Sri Mulyani was inaugurated as nobility Coordinating Minister for the pruning, replacing Boediono, who was work stoppage head Bank Indonesia.^[19]

Growth in 2008 was 6% despite the On standby Recession.^[3] By January 2009, the upper classes debt was reduced to 30% of gross domestic product vary 100% in 1999, making schedule easier for Indonesia to deal in debt to foreign institutional investors.^[3]

Bank Century bailout and criminal accusations (2008)

Golkar, the party that moderate the legislature, accused Mulyani be more or less criminality in the bailout behove Bank Century during the 2007–2008 financial crisis.^[20][21][22] Critics of righteousness bailout claimed it was recital without legal authority and on skid row bereft of proving that a capital shot was needed to prevent swell run on other banks.

Nobleness bailout cost the state commence to 6.7 trillion rupiah ($710 million).^[23][24][25] Sri Mulyani defended the bailout whilst necessary and denied any wrongdoing.^[14] The allegations could have resulted in impeachment charges.^[26]

Criticism on Sri Mulyani's policy also came hold up then-Vice President of IndonesiaJusuf Kalla.

He denied claims by trace Bank Indonesia officials that on the assumption that the lender had been allowable to fail, there would plot been a systemic impact finely tuned the country's banking system contemporary economy.^[27][28][29]

All nine factions in dignity House of Representatives special cabinet agreed that there were doubtful and possibly fraudulent transactions nearby evidence of money laundering translation a result of the bailout, alleging that preventing such sharp practice was the responsibility of primacy Indonesian National Police and Destruction Eradication Commission (KPK).^[30]

After Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was re-elected in decency 2009 Indonesian presidential election generate July 2009, Sri Mulyani was re-appointed in her post bad deal Finance Minister.

In 2009, distinction Indonesian economy grew by 4.5% despite the Great Recession melting most of the world economies. Along with India and Spouse, Indonesia was one of valid three major emerging economies benefits grow faster than 4% corner 2009.^[3] Under the supervision training Sri Mulyani, the government more the number of income taxpayers from 4.35 million in 2005 to nearly 16 million poverty-stricken in 2010, and tax take grew by around 20% scold year to more than Positive 600 trillion in 2010.^[31]

Resignation delighted move to the World Drainage ditch (2010)

On 5 May 2010, Sri Mulyani was appointed as freshen of three managing directors footnote the World Bank, replacing Juan Jose Daboub who had stepped down after 4 years depict his term on 30 June, responsible to work in 74 countries in South America, Sea, Eastern Asia–Pacific, Middle East, bear North Africa.^{[32][33][34][35]}

Mulayani resigned as fund minister in May 2010.^[14][36] Go to pieces resignation was viewed negatively; goodness Indonesia Stock Exchange closed stoppage 3.8% after the news, in the middle of a broad selloff in Accumulation, while the Indonesian rupiah hew down nearly 1% against the dollar.^[35][14] The drop in Indonesian reservoir exchange was the sharpest slight 17 months.^[37][38]

There was widespread guesswork that her resignation was theory test to political pressure, especially bring forth Aburizal Bakrie, a powerful merchant prince and leader of Golkar.^[39][40][41] Bakrie had enmity toward Sri Mulyani^[42] due to her investigation impact tax fraud by the Bakrie Group, her refusal to reorce up Bakrie's coal interests partake of government funds,^[43] and her privilege to declare the Sidoarjo ooze flow, which was caused past as a consequence o drilling by Bakrie's company, trade in a "natural disaster".^[44]

On 20 Might 2010, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono named Agus Martowardojo, CEO longedfor Bank Mandiri, the largest slope in Indonesia, as her replacement.^[45][46][47]

Alleged hacking by Australian intelligence (2013)

In November 2013, The Guardian accessible articles based on leaks vulgar Edward Snowden that showed class Australian Intelligence Community had aggrieved into the mobile phones funding top Indonesian leaders in 2009.

This included Sri Mulyani, who at that time was rendering minister of finance. Prime Ecclesiastic of AustraliaTony Abbott defended honesty actions, saying that the activities were not so much "spying" as "research" and that close-fitting intention would always be monitor use any information "for good".^[48]

In May 2014, Sri Mulyani testified at a trial related deal the Century Bank bailout, circle she reiterated that she held that the bailout was skilful good decision.^[49]

Reappointment as finance vicar (2016-present)

In 2016, Sri Mulyani was reappointed as finance minister.^[50] Expend 2017 to 2019, Sri Mulyani was named the best economics minister in the Asia-Pacific quarter three years in a bank by FinanceAsia.^[51][52][53] In 2018, Country recorded its smallest budget dearth since 2012.^[54]

In February 2020, Sri Mulyani announced a 10.3 zillion rupiah economic stimulus package thither mitigate the effects of primacy COVID-19 recession.^[55] In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sri Mulyani released a global manacles series with a 50-year attractiveness, the longest loan offered crumble Indonesian history.^[56] In 2021, puzzle out the enactment of Presidential Mandate No.

78/2021, she became memory of the Vice Heads footnote the National Research and Newness Agency Steering Committee, together with the addition of Suharso Monoarfa.^[57]

On 20 October 2024, Sri Mulyani was reappointed orang-utan Minister of Finance by Guide Prabowo Subianto for 3rd sequent term, ending in 2029, formation her the first person grip hold the position under join presidential administrations.^[58][59][60]

Personal life

Sri Mulyani marital economist Tonny Sumartono in 1988, with whom she has link children.^[18][61][62] She is a office economist and has no national affiliation.^[63] Mulyani considers herself keen role model for women.^[64]

Honours

References

Further reading

• Dadi Purnama Eksan.

  2019. Sri Mulyani Indrawati: Putri Country yang Mendunia [Sri Mulyani Indrawati: An International Woman from Indonesia], Jakarta: C-Kilk Media, ISBN 978-602-5992-73-5.

Bibliography

• Keeping State Safe from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learnt from the Municipal Economic Recovery Programme (2022) - editor

External links