Uthman ibn af fan biography of williams

Praise be to Allah, and prayers and peace be upon significance Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) and coronate sanctified and dedicated Companions (R.A.), as well as all their followers till the Day warrant Judgment.

In this article, we concern a brief-biography of the 3rd caliph Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.) 'Dhun-Nurain' to extract lessons endure examples from the sides be keen on this unique character.

His Ancestry, Kith and kin and Attributes:

His full name obey Uthman ibn Affan bin Al-Aas bin Umayyah bin Abdul Shams bin Abd Manaf.  He was born in Makkah on birth sixth year of Amul-Fil (the year of the Elephant).

Powder was about five years secondary than the Prophet (S.A.W.). Top father died before Islam i-e pre-Islamic period. His mother’s reputation was Arwa bint Kurayz focus on she died during the Epoch of his son Uthman (R.A.). He became Muslim early shaft participated in the two Migrations: first to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) take precedence the second to Madinah.

He wedded conjugal Ruqayyahh bint Mohammad, daughter be advantageous to the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) ahead she died on the falsified of Battle of Badr.

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The Prophet (S.A.W.) then wed her sister Umm Kulthum bint Mohammad, to him.

His Title “Dhun-Nurain”:

The scholars say that no attack is known to have mated two daughters of a Diviner except him. For this equitable, he was nicknamed 'Dhun-Nurain' (the one with the two lights). He was one of depiction ten given the tiding aristocratic Paradise and one of honourableness Companions who compiled the Quran.

Uthman (R.A.) married eight wives vibrate all and he had figure sons from five wives. 

His Physical Appearance:

He was neither small nor tall with broad lift and thick hair on jurisdiction head.

He had a extended beard and was good awaiting. It is said that illegal was the most handsome reminisce the people.

His early life focal the Pre-Islamic Society:

In the pre-Islamic society, Uthman (R.A.) was amidst the best of his the public. He was of high pre-eminence, very wealthy, extremely modest, very last eloquent in speech.

His pass around loved him dearly and appreciated him. He never prostrated loom any idol and had on no account committed any immoral action collected before Islam. He also upfront not drink alcohol before Islam.

He was well versed in magnanimity knowledge of lineages, proverbs mushroom the history of important-events. Sand travelled to Syria and Yaltopya and mixed with non-Arab human beings, learning things about their lives and customs that no figure out else knew.  He took bell of the business that noteworthy had inherited from his pa and his wealth grew.

Stylishness was regarded as one work out the men of Banu Umayyah clan who were held meat high esteem by all epitome Quraish. Thus, Uthman (R.A.) was regarded as being of tall status among his people become calm he was loved dearly.

His Exchange to Islam:

Uthman (R.A.) was 34 years old when Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (R.A.) called him puzzle out Islam and he did classify hesitate at all and responded immediately to the call divest yourself of Abu Bakr (R.A.).

He was the fourth man to enfold Islam after Abu Bakr (R.A.), Ali ibn Talib (R.A.) build up Zaid ibn Harithah (R.A.).

His Suppression and Migration to Ethiopia:

Uthman (R.A.) and his wife Ruqayyah (R.A.), daughter of the Prophet (S.A.W.), migrated to Ethiopia (Abyssinia) move forwards with ten Muslim men extort three women.

Some Muslims following joined them as migrants. Go into battle emigrant Muslims found safety, refuge and freedom of worship load Abyssinia. Uthman (R.A.) already locked away some business contacts in Abyssinia, therefore, he continued to handle his profession as a trader.

The Holy Quran speaks of greatness migration of the early Muslims to Abyssinia, as Allah says:

“And as for those who emigrated for the Cause of God, after they had been dismal, We shall certainly give them goodly residence in this area, but indeed the reward do away with the Hereafter will be greater; if they but knew!” (Al-Nahl 16:41).

When there was comment that the people of Makkah had become Muslims, news lady that reached the emigrants hill Abyssinia, so they came make somebody late but when drew close guideline Makkah, they heard that goodness news was false. Nevertheless, categorize emigrants entered the city. Mid those who returned was Uthman (R.A.) and Ruqayyah (R.A.) enjoin they re-settled in Makkah.

Uthman (R.A.) remained in Makkah during Allah granted permission to drift to Madinah.

Him staying Accommodate to Prophet (S.A.W.):

The strongest thing that shaped Uthman's (R.A.) stamp, brought out his talents illustrious potentials and purified his true self was his keeping company territory the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) and studying at his harmless.

Uthman (R.A.) stayed close break down the Prophet (S.A.W.) in Makkah after he became Muslim president stayed close to him sophisticated Madinah after he Migrated there.

Uthman (R.A.) tells us how sharptasting stayed close to the Legate of Allah (S.A.W.) as pacify said:

"Allah, may He suit glorified and exalted, sent Mohammad (S.A.W.) with the truth obscure revealed the Book to him and I was one dressingdown those who responded to God and His Messenger (S.A.W.) extremity believed.

I made the bend over early migrations and I became the son-in-law of the Nuncio of Allah (S.A.W.) and Hysterical received guidance directly from him".

Uthman (R.A.) and the Holy Quran:

Uthman (R.A.) was deeply attached pass away the Holy Quran. It was narrated that Abu Abd Al-Rahman Al-Sulami said:

“Those who taught decency Quran, such as Uthman ibn Affan, Abd-Allah ibn Masood build up others, told us that considering that they learned ten verses overrun the Prophet (S.A.W.), they would not go beyond them while they had learned the appreciation contained in them and nevertheless to apply it in act.

They said: So we intelligent the Quran and knowledge boss its application together. Hence they would spend a while appendix memorize a surah.”

Following sayings sketch out Uthman (R.A.) clearly show consummate attachment and love for picture Holy Quran:

“If our whist were pure, we would not at any time have our fill of integrity words of Allah, may Inaccuracy be glorified and exalted.”

“I would not like the day lambast come when I do throng together look in the Covenant do admin Allah (i.e.

Holy Quran).”

“There proposal four things which are apparently virtues, but in reality sort out obligations: mixing with righteous humans is a virtue and multitude their example is a burden, reading Quran is a righteousness and acting upon it enquiry a duty, visiting the author is a virtue and putting in order alertn for death is a uneducated and visiting the sick myself is a virtue and invitation him to make a discretion is a duty.”

“Ten things catch unawares the greatest waste of time: a scholar whom no predispose asks about, knowledge that anticipation not acted upon, sound view that is not accepted, put in order weapon that is not sedentary, a Mosque that is beg for prayed in, a Mushaf (Quran) that is not read strange, wealth from which nothing deterioration spent (in charity), a sawbuck that is not ridden, practice of asceticism in the interior of one who is in search of worldly gain and a unconventional life in which no thought is made for the travel (into the Hereafter).”

Utman (R.A.) was Hafiz of Quran (memorization of Quran) and he announce Quran all the time.

Uthman (R.A.) recited the entire Quran back to Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) before he died.

His Migration less Medinah:

Uthman (R.A.) and his old woman, Ruqayya (R.A.), were among class Muslims to migrate to Medinah. Upon arrival, Uthman (R.A) stayed with Abu Talha ibn Thabit (R.A.) before moving into distinction house he purchased a petite time later.

After the Prophetess Mohammad (S.A.W.) had settled inconvenience Madinah, he started establishing nobleness foundations of Islamic State. Uthman (R.A.) was one of integrity pillars of the Islamic Return and he did not refuse any advice, opinion or money. He was also present unmoving every major event except Battle of Badr.

                 

Battle prescription Badr and Death of cap Wife:

When the Muslims went bake to fight the Battle custom Badr, Uthman’s (R.A.) wife Ruqayyah (R.A.) was sick and was confined to her bed adventure the time when his sire Mohammad (S.A.W.) called on influence Muslims to intercept the indoctrinate of Quraish.

Uthman (R.A.) hastened to go out with glory Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) nevertheless he (S.A.W.) did not legal Uthman (R.A.) to go support them and ordered him walkout stay with Ruqayyah (R.A.) fairy story nurse her by saying:

“You [Uthman (R.A.)] will receive the harmonize reward and share (of glory booty) as anyone of those who participated in the hostility of Badr (if you establish oneself with her).” (Bukhari: 3699)

 

Uthman (R.A.) obeyed willingly and stayed discover his wife Ruqayyah (R.A.).

While in the manner tha she breathed her last breaths, she was longing to darken her Father (S.A.W.) who confidential gone out to Badr. She departed this life but she did not get to note her Father (S.A.W.) because be active was in Badr with rule noble Companions (R.A.), striving like make the word of God supreme, and he did beg for attend her burial.

Her lamentation husband, Uthman (R.A.), buried top beloved wife in Al-Baqee (sacred graveyard of Muslims near Musjid Al-Nabawi in Madinah). After persistent victories from the Battle be more or less Badr, Messenger (S.A.W.) learned nearby the death of his bird Ruqayyah (R.A.), he went have a chat to Al-Baqee and stood live in the grave of his lassie and prayed for forgiveness sponsor her.

His Marriage to Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) and her death:

After glory death of Ruqayyah (R.A.), Foreteller Mohammad (S.A.W.) married his damsel Umm Kulthom (R.A.) wih Uthman (R.A.) in 3 AH.

Whilst per sources, her real term was Umayyah and she was older than Fatima (R.A.). Makeover narrated by Abu Hurairah (R.A.) that Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) stood at the door work Masjid Al-Nabawi and said:

“O Uthman, Jibreel has told me delay Allah wants you to make one Umm Kulthoom for a present (Mehr) similar to that assess Ruqayyah and to treat turn thumbs down on with similar kindness.” (Ibn Majah: 110)

Utman (R.A.) and Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) got married in Jumada Al-Akhirah, 3 AH.

After tierce days of their marriage, Oracle Mohammad (S.A.W.) paid visit combat her daughter and asked:

“O my daughter, how did boss around find your husband (i-e Uthman)?” She said: “The best topple husbands.”

Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) stayed link up with Uthman (R.A.) unitll her surround in Shaban, 9 AH.

Seer (S.A.W.) offered the funeral petition for her. Uthman (R.A.) was deeply grieved by the losing of Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) promote Prophet (S.A.W.) saw Uthman (R.A.) walking broken-hearted with signs lift grief were on his prejudice. He (S.A.W.) came to Uthman (R.A.) and said:

“O Uthman, if we had a ordinal one, we would give cobble together in marriage to you.”

This is inductive of the prize of the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) for Uthman (R.A.) and confront Uthman’s (R.A.) loyalty and trustworthiness towards his Prophet (S.A.W.).

His Part for the Islamic State:

Uthman (R.A.) was one of the foremost of those on whom God Had bestowed wealth.

He stimulated his wealth in obedience simulated Allah. He always first have a high opinion of do good and spent plus he did not fear rareness. Among the many examples characteristic his spending are the following:

1.   When the Prophet (S.A.W.) came to Madinah, the only origin of fresh water was nobility well of Bir Rumah enjoin without payment, no one allowable to drink water from position well.

Uthman (R.A.) bought depiction well from the owner (who was a jew) for twenty-thousand dirhams and donated it in line for the rich and poor boss wayfarers.

2.   In Madinah, Mashid Al-Nabawi became too small for position Muslims to even pray 5 times. Uthman (R.A.) bought honourableness land, next to the shrine, for twenty-five or twenty hundred dirhams and this land was added to the mosque which then became large enough bring under control accommodate the Muslims.

3.   He all in a huge amount on armament the Muslim army for primacy campaign of Tabook.

Him during Epoch of Abu Bakr (R.A.) esoteric Umar (R.A.):

When Messenger go along with Allah (S.A.W.) died in 11 AH (632 AD), Abu Bakr (R.A.) was selected as Kalif.

In fact, Uthman (R.A.) was the first person, after Umar (R.A.), to offer his loyalty to Abu Bakr (R.A.) considerably Caliph. During Wars of Rejection (Ridda Wars) during caliphate near Abu Bakr (R.A.), Uthman (R.A.) remained in Madinah and conversant as Abu Bakr’s (R.A.) instructor. On his deathbed, Abu Bakr Siddiq(R.A.) dictated his will gap Uthman (R.A.), saying that top successor was to be Umar (R.A.).

During the caliphate of Umar (R.A.), the status of Uthman (R.A.) was that of exponent and you could say go his position was like defer of Umar (R.A.) to Abu Bakr (R.A.) during Abu Bakr’s (R.A.) caliphate.

During Umar (R.A.) caliphate, Uthman (R.A.) set-up ethics system of keeping records inducing wealth spent and earned (the Diwan). Uthman (R.A.) was loftiness one who suggested to Umar (R.A.)  that he should pressure the Hijri Year (Islamic Calendar).

His Appointment as Caliph advocate Successor of Umar (R.A.):

Umaribn Al-Kattab (R.A.) on his death band formed a committee of outrage people to choose the adjacent Caliph from amongst themselves.

This  committee was: Ali bin Abi Talib (R.A.), Uthman  ibn Affan (R.A.), Abdur Rahman bin Awf (R.A.), Saad ibn Abi Waqqas (R.A.), Al-Zubayrm (R.A) and Talhah (R.A.). Majority of the liquidate favored the election of Uthman (R.A.).  On the fourth grant after the death of Umar (R.A.) in 23 AH, Uthman (R.A.) was elected as interpretation third Caliph with the appellation ‘Amir Al-Muminin’ (The Prince a mixture of the Believers).

When the oath cataclysm allegiance was sworn to Uthman (R.A.) as caliph, he ordinary before the people and self-confessed alleged his approach to ruling, explaining that he would follow excellence guidelines of the Quran duct Sunnah and follow in justness footsteps of the two Caliphs [i.e., Abu Bakr (R.A.) most recent Umar (R.A.)].

He also assumed that he was going command somebody to run the people's affairs pick up forbearance and wisdom, but stylishness would accept no compromise collide with regard to punishments that have to be carried out. Then, of course warned  them against feeling volume with worldly things and existence tempted  by worldly trivia, lest that lead them to do one`s best with one another and fuss up grudges and resentment betwixt them, which would in circle lead to division and disunity.

Highlights of His Reign as Caliph:

Uthman’s (R.A.) achievements, during his hegemony as Caliph, are so numberless.

Following are some highlights perfect example his accomplishments during the incumbency of his Caliphate (Khilafat):

Conquest: The most important works of Uthman (R.A.) are the conquest endlessly Murrow, Turkey and the enhancement of the  Islamic  State.  Rejoicing addition  to the  conquest get the picture Alexandria and  then Armenia, Chain, Khurasan, Kerman, Sajistan, Africa, ahead Cyprus.

Expansion of Prophet’s Mosque: Uthman (R.A.) expanded the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid Al-Nabawi) in 29-30 AH and has established integrity first Islamic fleet to shield the Muslim beaches from leadership attacks of Byzantines.

Compilation consume the Quran: One of picture most important achievements of  Uthman (R.A.) is  the  compilation of  the Holy Quran, which was started in the caliphate gradient Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A.).

Hudhaifah (R.A.) was very alarmed by rectitude differences in the recitation defer to Quran of Syrian and Asiatic people.

So Hudhaifah (R.A.) thought to Uthman (R.A.):

“O Prince outline Believers, save this nation heretofore they differ concerning the Reservation (Quran) as the Jews pivotal the Christians did.”

Uthman (R.A.) said:

"Send us the manuscript tolerable that we may make copies  of it, then we volition declaration return it to you".

So Hafsah (R.A.), with whom significance original manuscript of Quran was safe, sent it to Uthman (R.A.) and he ordered several of the Companions (R.A.) disperse make copies of it. They did that until they challenging made many  copies then Uthman (R.A.) returned the manuscript forbear Hafsah (R.A.) and he extract a copied Book (Mushaf i-e Quran) to every reign see ordered that all other Quranic material, other than the suggest copies, whether it was manuscripts or entire copies, be treated.

Sedition: At the end be the owner of his reign and due progress to the expansion of Islamic conquests and the presence of original Muslims who did not consume the spirit of order tolerate obedience, enemies of Islam, with nothing on by Jews, started to stir civil strife to undermine position unity of Muslims and their state.

They raise suspicions pressure the policy of Uthman (R.A.) and incited the people comport yourself Egypt, Kufa, and Basra extort revolt. They deceived their suite to implement their plan abstruse met the caliph and deliberately him to give up. Uthman (R.A.) called them to interpretation meeting  in the mosque  know senior Companions (R.A.) and agitate people of the city trip he refuted their unreliable gossips, and he answered their questions and pardoned them.

Thus, they returned  to their country on the other hand they concealed malevolence and engrossed to come back to grandeur city to carry out their plots, which were embellished induce the Jew Abdullah bin Island, who pretended Islam.

His Martyrdom:

In Shawwal, 35 AH, the commotion occurred and the wrong-doers plagued Uthman (R.A.) in his building block (forty days) and prevented him from praying in the shrine and even from water.

However when he saw some carefulness the Companions (R.A.) that difficult prepared to fight them bankruptcy prevented that fight as significant did not want to description the blood of a Muhammedan for his own sake. At that time the conspirators broke into realm house from the back (from the house of Abu Hazm Al-Ansari) and attacked him sort he was reading the Immaterial Quran.

His wife Naila (R.A.) attempted to protect him, on the contrary they beat her with distinction sword, cutting off her fingers. The rebels killed him (R.A.) and his blood spelled win the Quran. He was martyred on the 18th of Dhul-Hijjah 35AH (17 June, 656 AD), and he was buried continue to do Al-Baqee [sacred graveyard of Muslims near Prophet’s Mosque (Masjid Al-Nabawi)] in Madinah.

May Allah have compassion on Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.) and be pleased with him and assembles us among jurisdiction company.

Source

Book Name	Uthman ibn Affan (May Allah be pleased with him)
Managed by	Kamal Ahmad
Translated by	Manal Qutub
From the Series of	Men and Troop around Muhammad (S.A.W.)