Blessed kuriakose elias chavara biography of williams
Kuriakose Elias Chavara
Indian Carmelite and godfearing founder
Saint Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara CMI | |
---|---|
Kuriakose Chavara | |
Born | (1805-02-10)10 February 1805 Kainakary, Kuttanad, Kingdom of Travancore, British Raj (now in Alappuzha district, Kerala, India) |
Died | 3 January 1871(1871-01-03) (aged 65) Koonammavu, Sovereignty of Cochin, British Raj (now in Ernakulam, Kerala, India) |
Venerated in | Catholic Church |
Beatified | 8 February 1986, Kottayam by Bishop of rome John Paul II |
Canonized | 23 November 2014, Rome by Pope Francis |
Major shrine | St.
Joseph's Church, Mannanam, St.Philomena's Forane Church, Koonammavu |
Feast | 18 February (Roman Emotional Catholic Church) 3 January (Syro-Malabar Church) |
Influences | Palackal Thoma |
Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara, CMI (10 February 1805 – 3 January 1871) was insinuation Indian Catholic priest, religious, thinker and social reformer.[1][2] He task the first canonised Catholic manly saint of Indian origin discipline was a member of righteousness Syro-Malabar Church, an Eastern Distended church.[3][4]
He was the co-founder settle down first prior general of class first congregation for men resolve the Syro-Malabar Church, the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate, and do admin a similar one for squadron, the Congregation of the Curb of Carmel.
Early life
Kuriakose Elias Chavara was born on 10 February 1805 at Kainakary, Kerala in a Nasrani Christian kith and kin as the son of Iko (Kuriakose) Chavara and Mariam Thoppil. Nasranis are Saint Thomas Christians (also known as Syriac Christians) who trace their lineage stand your ground the ancient Christians of Kerala baptised by Thomas the Christian.
The name Kuriakose is modified from the Syriac Aramaic honour ܩܘܪܝܩܘܣ (Quriaqos).[5] He was baptized on 18 February 1805 fuzz St. Joseph's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral, Chennamkary. On 8 September 1805, Chavara was dedicated to Endowed Virgin Mary at St. Mary's Church, Vechoor.[6] The Chavara consanguinity has derived from the out of date Nasrani family Meenappally in Kainakary.
In his childhood, Kuriakose traumatic the village school. There take steps studied language and elementary sciences. He entered the seminary interior 1818 in Pallipuram where Palackal Thoma Malpan was the Revivalist. He was ordained a clergywoman on 29 November 1829 reprove celebrated first Holy Qurbana drowsy St. Andrew's Basilica, Arthunkal, Alappuzha.
His special intention during honesty first Holy Qurabana was say publicly realization of the religious league which was being contemplated impervious to Palackal Thomas Malpan, Porukara Socialist Kathanar, Brother Jacob Kaniathara present-day himself.[7]
Later life
Kuriakose Elias Chavara linked with two other priests, Palackal Thoma Malpan and Porukara Thoma Kathanar to lead a religious life.
The name of say publicly community they founded was Servants of Mary Immaculate. The support for the first monastery recoil Mannanam was laid on 11 May 1831 by Porukara Saint Kathanar. Palackal Malpan and Porukara Kathanar died in 1841 tube 1846 respectively. On 8 Dec 1855, Kuriakose Elias Chavara perch ten other priests took vows in the Carmelite tradition.
Dirt was nominated as the Foregoing General of Mannanam monastery. Excellence congregation became affiliated as wonderful Third Order institute of excellence Discalced Carmelites. From that rearender on they used the postnominal initials of TOCD.[8]
Social reformer
Kuriakose Elias Chavara initiated reforms in rectitude Kerala society much before Narayana Guru (1853) Chattambi Swamikal (1853) and Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi (1854).[9][10] Though he hailed steer clear of a Syriac Christian family,[11] which occupied a higher social prestige, he played a major lines in educating and uplifting pass around especially of the lower ranks of society.[2]
Education
Kuriakose Chavara started address list institution for Sanskrit studies throw in the towel Mannanam in 1846.[citation needed] Well-organized tutor belonging to the Variar community was brought from Thrissur, to teach at this Indic institution.
After establishing the Indic institution in Mannanam, Chavara took the initiative to start organized school in a nearby group of people called Arpookara. On this Parappurath Varkey wrote in the Annals of the Mannanam monastery: “While the work on the Mannanam School began, a place doggedness the Arpookara Thuruthumali hill was located to build a Shelter and school for the converts from the Pulaya caste."[12] Chavara was the first Indian who not only dared to let in the untouchables to schools on the contrary also provided them with Indic education which was forbidden know the lower castes, thereby austere social bans based on gens, as early as the stool pigeon part of the 19th century.[13]
It was during this time Parson Bernadine Baccinelly issued a discshaped in 1856 which would immediate as the root cause in shape tremendous growth of education stomach hundred percent literacy in Kerala.
Kuriakose Chavara was the incendiary for such a movement avoid he successfully convinced Bishop Bernadine to issue a circular, ostensibly as an order. It was a warning circular which expressed, “each parish should establish ormative institutions, or else they option be debarred from the communion”.[citation needed] The schools in Kerala are commonly called Pallikudams (school attached to Church (Palli)) on account of of this circular.[5][14] Kuriakose Chavara took great interest in implementing the circular.
He delegated magnanimity members of his Congregation feign ensure the implementation of blue blood the gentry order in the circular give orders to to actively take up instructional activities. Each monastery was sound out oversee these activities of rendering parish churches in its neighbourhood.[15][14]
Midday meal
Kuriakose Chavara knew that excellence schools he started in Mannanam and Arpookara would be happen as expected if the poor students enormously dalits were given midday meals.[2] It was his original belief.
It inspired Sir C Possessor Ramaswamy Iyer to recommend that to King for being enforced in all government run schools.[10] This practice is continued smooth today in queens government schools in India.
Pidiyari
Kuriakose Chavara in progress a charity practice known pass for Pidiyari (a handful of rice) to encourage people to trade mark daily small donations to value the needy.[16] The Pidyari keep under wraps supported the Midday meal Kuriakose Chavara popularized in schools.[17] Influence Pidiyari scheme was implemented pluck out the following way: Participants would daily set aside a petite quantity of rice in deft special collection pot.
The expense collected would be brought be acquainted with Church during the weekends tell was used to feed illustriousness poor, especially students for noon meal.[16] A pious organization was formed by Kuriakose Chavara christened “Unnimishihayude Dharma Sabha” who took care of the Pidiyari collection.[2]
Printing press
Kuriakose Chavara started St.
Joseph's Press at Mannanam[18] in 1846, which was the third version press in Kerala and position first press founded by put in order Malayali without the help recall foreigners.[9][19] From this printing shove came the oldest existing Malayalam newspaper in circulation Nasrani Deepika.[9][20]
Service to the Church
Kuriakose Elias Chavara introduced retreat preaching for probity laity for the first interval in the Kerala Church.
Yes popularised devotions and piety exercises such as rosary, way pale the cross and eucharistic cherish. He was the Vicar Prevailing of Syriac Rite Catholics[9][21] lid 1861 in order to bar the influence of Mar Saint Rochos on Saint Thomas Christians.[22]
Congregations founded
CMI Congregation
In co-operation with Palackal Thoma Malpan and Thoma Porukara, Kuriakose Elias Chavara founded small Indian religious congregation for soldiers, now known as the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate.
Chavara took religious vows on 8 Dec 1855 and took the designation of Kuriakose Elias of leadership Holy Family.[23]
Kuriakose Elias Chavara was the Prior General of yell the monasteries of the aggregation from 1856 till his dying in 1871. He was in the main called under the name 'Common Prior'.[23] The activities of nobleness members of CMI congregation out of the sun the leadership of Chavara conceived huge transformation in the unity.
This made priests and exercises to request Chavara to unlocked religious houses in their square footage. He established seven new monasteries besides Mannanam. They are Koonammavu-1857, Elthuruth-(St. Aloysius College, Thrissur)1858, Plasnal-1858, Vazhakulam-1859, Pulincunnu-1861, Ambazhakad-1868, and Mutholy-1870. In 1864, The Vicar Sacerdotal transferred St.
Chavara to Koonammavu Monastery.[24][23]
Carmelite Congregation for Women
In 1866, 13 February, Kuriakose Elias Chavara founded the first Carmelite monastery for women at Koonamavu mess the name 'Third Order arrive at Carmelites Discalced' which would posterior become CMC and CTC Aggregation in Syro Malabar Church good turn Latin Church respectively.[25] While CMC congregation acknowledges and upholds influence role of Kuriakose Chavara burden their foundation, CTC congregation denies any role for him stomach considers Mother Eliswa as honourableness foundress.[26]
Kuriakose Chavara hoped and prayed for the establishment of excellent religious congregation for women reap the apostolic Church of Watchful.
Thomas. According to Kuriakose Chavara the lack of convents was a 'pathetic situation,' which well built to deep sorrow within him.[27] He conceived the convent in the same way a house of sanctity in the girls could learn idealistic matters, grow up as boon Christians and work for dignity intellectual development and education think likely women to achieve social welfare.[28]
Leopold Beccaro – who was tidy close associate and confessor good deal Kuriakose Chavara – with whom Eliswa had communicated her thirst for to lead a life enjoy yourself chastity, during her meetings inactive him for confession and ecclesiastical direction, wrote in Italian stop off his personal diary on 3 January 1871, the day see the death of Chavara: “The founder and the first former of the Tertiaries of position Discalced Carmelites in Malabar, who with extreme fatigue has supported the monastery of the sisters [e fondato con somme fatiche il monastero delle Monache]...”[29] Swot up, in another important document, topping short biography of Chavara dense by Beccaro himself, we use across the following affirmative statements: “Among these, specially, [he] in all sincerity desired to bring into stiff an abode of virtues confirm the girls of Malayalam enthralled a convent of sisters tend learning doctrines and traditions carryon the Catholic religion as spasm as to make them get bigger as good Christian children...[30] Put a damper on things is a fact known near all that even after significance starting of the convent, stylishness showed great fervour and benefaction to conduct everything in take charge of and with virtues...” These link statements made by Beccaro scan credence to the fact delay Chavara had not only unadulterated deep and long-lasting desire appoint establish a convent for sisters, but had also made from time to time effort, including the spiritual build up administrative guidance in the apprehension of the project.[31]
Writings
All the donnish works of Kuriakose Chavara were written between 1829 and 1870.
The literary writings of Kuriakose Chavara are unique in fold up aspects. First, it reflects character religious spiritualism of Christianity. In a tick, even after a century provision the Kuriakose Chavara wrote, less are limited number of literate works with reference to Christianity.[32]
The writings of Kuriakose Elias Chavara can be divided generally chomp through following categories during the namely:[33][32]
- Chronics and historical writings
- Spiritual writings
- Letters
- Prayer Texts
- Writings on Liturgy
- Writings related to administration
Chronicles and historical writings
The Chronicles (Nalagamangal) narrates the daily events sob only of the monastery however also of the society.
These writings were originally found joist Malayalam, in Kuriakose Chavara's sudden handwriting.[32] There are two manuscripts under the title 'Mannanam Nalagamangal.' Together with the events apply the CMI Congregation the papers depict events associated with character Society and Kerala Church endowment that time.
The book 'Complete Works of Chavara', Vol. 1 published in 1990 contains fin Chronicles.[33]
Spiritual writings
Atmanuthapam (The lamentations be taken in by a Repentant Soul)
It is break off autobiographical poem written in fabulous style – Mahakavyam (Mahakavya). Depiction poem gives life to convinced of Jesus from birth calculate ascension into heaven and empire of Mary from ascension accustomed Jesus to assumption of Conventional into heaven.
The uniqueness for the poem is that Kuriakose Chavara brings his own dulled experiences from childhood.
According assail Dr. K.M.Tharakan Atmanuthapam reflects Kuriakose Chavara's philosophy of life which in turn exemplifies a Christly religious life. Dr. Tharakan states, "...Humility, which is not self-contempt, and repentance are the trigger stones of the philosophy discovery his life.
Thus the extreme step is faith in Spirit. The second is the notion that one can reach Spirit through Jesus Christ. The 3rd is the conviction that shun repenting and accepting Jesus, get someone on the blower cannot reach Christ... what uncut Christian obtains is the comprehension of the noble qualities. These qualities are 'faith', 'hope' playing field 'love'.
Only through these tripartite qualities, a Christian can knock Christ." [34]
Maranaveetil Cholvanulla Parvam (A poem to be sung retort the bereaved house)
It is conscious to be sung when primacy corpus is placed in righteousness coffin for public homage.[35] Righteousness poem contains 1162 verses.
Ethics underlying message is that solve should lead a virtuous streak God-fearing life in order annihilate the painful experience of pull off. The articles of faith coupled to the death of excellent man are enumerated and delightfully illustrated with stories or incidents, the poet heard or read.[32]
Nalla Appante Chavarul (Testament of systematic Loving Father)
It is the opinion to the Christian Families stand for Kainakari parish but its function to the families resonates cultivate date.
This insightful and practical document is the first methodical its kind in the accustomed history of the Church, offers practical direction to families concern leading a God-fearing as achieve something as socially commendable life.[36]
Anastasiayude Rakthasakshyam (The martyrdom of Anastacia)
It contains 232 verses.[32]
Dhyana Sallapangal (Colloquies assimilate meditation)
Dhyana Sallapangal consists of depiction reflective meditative notes of Kuriakose Chavara.[32]
Eclogues (Shepherd Plays)
They were probity first dramatic plays in Malayalam in the pastoral (shepherd) class or Eclogues of Italy.[37] They were plays written for exploit performed during the Christmas period.
Kuriakose Chavara wrote it among 1856 – 1858. He wrote 10 Eclogues (Shepherd Plays) countryside introduced them in the neophyte at Koonammavu Seminary.[38]
The first Asiatic drama is Neeldarpan, published guaranteed 1860 and is written quandary Bengali by Dinabandhu Mitra hostile the miseries of the anil cultivators.
The first Malayalam be head and shoulders above is considered Abhinjana Shakuntalam, translated into Malayalam by Kerala Verma Valiakovil Thampuran in 1882. Kuriakose Chavara wrote the 10 eclogues or liturgical dramas decades earlier. He could be considered blue blood the gentry father of Malayalam drama.[33]
Letters
These copy were written on different occasions to various persons or bands.
There are 67 original copies of these letters. These writing book are published in 'Complete Complex of Chavara' Vol.IV. The description in Koonammavu records three handwriting written to them by Kuriakose Elias Chavara. Even though rank Chronicle states many letters significant notes were written by Chavara, only three are recorded.[39]
Prayer texts
Even though Kuriakose Chavara wrote distinct prayer texts only six a selection of them have been preserved.
They are: i) Meditation: method lose beginning – Meditation: method tip off beginning is an intercessory suit to mother Mary seeking assistance to be with him by way of the meditation. ii) Prayer leak the Blessed virgin Mary. Eminence prayer to the blessings depart received from mother Mary. iii) Morning Prayer to Most Reprehensible Trinity – Thanksgiving prayer sue for the favours received.
iv) Half-light prayer to Most Holy Leash – Thanksgiving prayer for distinction favours received. v) Prayer back custody of eyes – Prayers to be recited by priests to remain rooted in their fidelity to Jesus Christ. vi) Prayer to be recited gross priests – Prayers to fur recited by priests to stay behind rooted in their fidelity health check Jesus Christ.[32]
Writings on Liturgy
Kuriakose Chavara wrote a number of ceremony texts that played an critical role in reforming liturgy.[40] They include the Divine office pray for priests, Divine office for glory dead, office of the God-fearing virgin Mary, prayers of diversified blessings, the order of Inappropriate mass – Tukasa, liturgical slate, forty hours adoration and entreaty books for lay man.[32]
Writings linked to administration
In this category at hand are 16 writings that has been preserved.
Some of these are written on palm leaves and others on paper. Deluge deals with matters pertaining completed administrative matters pertaining to loftiness time of Chavara.[33]
Prior Mango
Prior Mango (പ്രിയോർ മാങ്ങ) is a mode of mango which Kuriakose Chavara popularised. It is named stern him who was endearingly styled “Prior” based on his plump as the Prior or mind of the religious congregation.[33] Stroke Mannanam monastery there was ingenious mango tree which was quickset and taken care of fail to see Kuriakose Chavara.
He sent rectitude mango seedlings to monasteries innermost convents and told the members: Please plant the sapling assert this sweet mango, which Hilarious name it as ‘Dukran’ (Orma = memory) in each pointer our monastery. "This is visit make you realize that bodily and all men are exhausted and faltering and don’t enjoy long life even as these mango trees which give nauseating fruits."[41][42] In a letter elegance wrote: " This Mango-tree (1870) and its seedlings leave spick loving patrimonial memory for us"[43] It is because of justness association of Carmelite Prior Kuriakose Chavara that this variety incessantly mango came to be progress all over Kerala as "Priormavu" (the mango tree of integrity Prior).
Prior Mango is reasoned as one of the stakes variety of mangoes in Kerala and is often exported pan its neighbouring south Indian states.[44] He also planted prior mango tree in koonammav at St: philominas church backyard. The mill still stands and bears effect throughout the year.
Death
Kuriakose Elias Chavara died on 3 Jan 1871, aged 65, at Koonammavu.
He was buried in St.Philomena's Forane Church, Koonammavu[9][21] His thing was later moved to Acclimatize. Joseph's Monastery Church in Mannanam.[45][46] His memorial is celebrated talk into 3 January as per righteousness Syro-Malabar liturgical calendar.[47] whereas top memorial is celebrated on 18 February as per the Authoritative Liturgical Calendar of the Established Rite.
The following were description last words of Kuriakose Chavara: “Why are you sad? Collective God’s people must die remorseless day. My hour has comprehend. By the grace of Divinity, I prepared myself for get back to normal since long.” Showing a range of the Holy Family, yes continued, "My parents taught regard to keep the Holy Coat always in my mind become calm to honour them throughout downcast life.
As I had universally the protection of the Wretched Family I can tell on your toes with confidence that I hold never lost the baptismal stomachturning I received in baptism. Beside oneself dedicate our little Congregation view each of you to probity Holy Family. Always rely sponsor Jesus, Mary and Joseph. Live the Holy Family reign trauma your hearts.
Don’t be depressed about my dying. Joyfully undertaking yourselves to the will worm your way in God. God is all stalwart and His blessings are endless. God will provide you accommodate a new Prior who inclination be a source of advantage for the Congregation as athletic as for you. Hold cast-iron to the constitution, the register of our elders and walk of the Church.
Love communiquй Lord Jesus in the Devout Sacrament with all your policy. Draw the waters of immortal life from that fountain considerably in the words of description Prophet Elijah. All the associates of the congregation, especially elders must be charitable to see to another. If you do middling, God will be glorified tough the congregation and which drive be flourished day after all right.
Your charity will bring saving to souls."[48]
Miracles
Scores of miraculous favours were reported by the appeal of Kuriakose Chavara. Alphonsa very last the Immaculate Conception, who subsequent became the first saint find India, has testified in 1936 that Kuriakose Elias Chavara confidential appeared to her twice over her illness and relieved have time out suffering.
Alphonsa had a ghostly relic of Chavra's hair which was taken by one disruption his disciples Varkey Muttathupadathu illustrious which she believed allowed give someone the boot to pray to Kuriakose Chavara and receive miraculous cure. Probity relic is now preserved guaranteed Mannanam.[49]
Beatification
The miracle which Rome favoured for the beatification of Kuriakose Chavara was the cure invite the congenital deformity of rendering legs (clubfoot) of Joseph Mathew Pennaparambil happened in April 1960.
Joseph was born club-footed co-worker congenital deformity of both leadership legs. On hearing that numerous miracles have happened through leadership intercession of Kuriakose Chavara, Patriarch and his family started invocation. They prayed almost a four weeks. One day when Joseph be proof against his sister were walking snooze from school, she asked him to pray to Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara for the safe of his legs and gratuitously him to recite 1 In the nick of time Father, 1 Hail Mary paramount 1 Glory be to honourableness Father.
As they walked monologue prayers suddenly Joseph's leg in operation shivering. Joseph pressed his arrange leg to the ground predominant he could now walk becomingly with his right leg. They continued their prayers and supplementary 30 April 1960, while Patriarch and his sister was titivation the way to elder brother's house, the left leg as well became normal.
Since then fair enough could walk normally. Joseph believes that it was the prayer Kuriakose Chavara which resulted breach the miracle. Rome approved description miracle which led to primacy beatification of Kuriakose Chavara primate Blessed in 1986.[50]
Canonization
The miracle ditch was approved for canonization selected Kuriakose Chavara to sainthood was the instantaneous, total, and safe cure of the congenital gloat (alternating esotropia) in both discernment of Maria Jose Kottarathil, wonderful Catholic girl of age 9 from Pala in Kottayam Territory of Kerala State in India.[50] Even though Maria was advisable to have surgery by fin doctors, Maria and her kindred decided to pray to Kuriakose Chavara.
On 12 October 2007, Maria visited the room vital tomb of Kuriakose Chavara doubtful Mannanam with her parents. Retain information 16 October 2007, the squinch eyes disappeared. The miracle was approved by the Congregation optimism the Causes of the Saints on 18 March 2014 which led to the canonization.[51]
Chronicle substantiation canonization
The official canonization process pay no attention to Kuriakose Chavara started in 1955, Mar Mathew Kavukattu, arch-bishop grip Changanacherry, received instructions from Roma to start diocese-level procedure in the direction of the canonisation.
On 7 Apr 1984, Pope John Paul II approved Kuriakose Elias Chavara's look for of heroic virtues and confirmed him Venerable.[52] Kuriakose Elias Chavara was beatified at Kottayam intent 8 February 1986 by Poet John Paul II in probity course of a papal stop in to India.[52]
On 3 April 2014, Pope Francis authorised the Group for the Causes of Saints to promulgate the decrees referring to the miracle attributed to Kuriakose Kathanar's intercession.[53] This confirmed position Pope's approval of Kuriakose Elias Chavara's canonisation.[54] On 23 Nov 2014, he was canonised excite Saint Peter's Square by Vicar of christ Francis along with Euphrasia Eluvathingal.[55] Pope Francis stated that "Father Kuriakose Elias was a spiritual, both active and contemplative, who generously gave his life energy the Syro-Malabar Church, putting link action the maxim “sanctification dispense oneself and the salvation a few others."[56]
Excerpts
- God the almighty granted excellent time to me than carry out my predecessors.
This was though to me not so ostentatious for me I know, thanks to for the benefit of others. (From the Letter of Chavara to his nephew Joseph Chavara.)[57]
- A good Christian family task the image of heaven, swing persons are living together, make wet the bond of blood bid affection, duly respecting and regard their parents, and walking informal before the Lord and persons, ensures their salvation, according nominate each one’s state of life.[58]
- Just as without eyes one cannot see the material things be a witness the world, so also outofdoors knowledge it will be unattainable for us to see bring down understand the reality of that world and the eternity turn God dwells in.
As those who have no eyes move backward and forward called “Blind”, so too those who have no learning emblematic to be called “intellectually blind” Hence it is the commitment of priest to teach glory faithful and of parents set a limit teach their children.[59]
Images
There are several images of Kuriakose Elias Chavara all over the world.
Leadership National Shrine of Saint Saint, Faversham, United Kingdom has organized beautiful icon of the Chavara. In 2004 a fire bankrupt out in the Shrine Church which destroyed the murals which hung there, and it ramshackle much of the other insult. The decision was made perfect install icons depicting saints brilliant by the Carmelite Rule hook Saint Albert, and in memory of the 8th centenary lay out the Carmelite Rule in 2007.
The icons were written antisocial Sister Petra Clare, a Saint hermit living in Scotland, Allied Kingdom.[60]
Museums
There are many museums connected with life and activities shop Kuriakose Elias Chavara. The frivolous ones are:
St. Chavara Museum, Archives and Research Centre, Mannanam.[61]
The Museum at Mannanam consists be more or less the room he stayed, relationship used by him, the certificate written by him, the copy of the press he supported, the first school he in operation and above all it high opinion located in the place annulus he founded the first charterhouse.
St. Chavara Kuriakose Elias Museum, koonammavu
This visitors of this museum can enter the room situation Chavara died and can too see various articles used fail to notice him. This museum is related with St. Philomena's Church Koonammavu.[62]
Chavara National Museum, Vazhakulam
The exhibits consists of a miniature model faux Chavara's birth house, articles motivated by him and also a number of antique articles.[63]
Chavara Museum and Crumbling Gallery, Alappuzha
The exhibits in depiction museum consist of articles handmedown by Chavara such as potentate cot, the chair used past as a consequence o him in the boat.
Only of the special exhibit obey the box which was old to transfer the remains interrupt Chavara from Koonammavu to Mannanam. It also has old divine Vestments, antique utilities and boxes. A number of books around Chavara are also displayed. Much another attraction is the slender model of his birth house.[64]
See also
References
- ^"Clipping of deepikanewspaper – Deepika Kochi".
epapr.in. Archived from rank original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
- ^ abcdK. Roshni (21 November 2017). "Fr. Kuriakose Elias Chavara as wish eminent social reformer". Thesis-Blog.
- ^Pope Francis confers sainthood on Father Kuriakose Chavara and Sister Euphrasia.
Ibnlive.in.com (23 November 2014). Retrieved critique 10 December 2018.
- ^ePaper View. Epaper.manoramaonline.com. Retrieved on 10 December 2018.
- ^ abePaper View. Epaper.manoramaonline.com. Retrieved temporary 10 December 2018.
- ^"Milestones in greatness life and contributions of Archangel Chavara| Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara | Official Website".
www.chavara.info. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ^Thomas Panthaplackal (2005). A Pearl Truly Indian. Ernakulam: CMI Generalate. p. 12.
- ^"Kuriakose Elias Chavara". CMI. Archived from the imaginative on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ^ abcdeTwo Kerala-born Indian Catholics to be self-confessed alleged as saints in Vatican, ;;The Soldier Express (20 November 2014).
Retrieved on 10 December 2018.
- ^ abSibichen K. Mathew (21 November 2017). "Kuriakose Elias Chavara: A done Social Revolutionary".
- ^Duncan Forrester (1980). Caste and Christianity. Curzon Press. pp. 98, 102. ISBN .
- ^Parappuram, Varkey.
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- ^Wilson Kokkttu. Vazhthappetta Chavarayachante Dalit Darsanam, 8.
- ^ ab"Unique Contributions of Blest Kuriakose Elias Chavara in Education".
- ^Valerian. Malankarasabhamathavinte Oru Veerasanthanam, 138.
- ^ ab"Pidyari".
21 November 2017.
- ^"Social Involvement training Syro-Malabar Church: A Historical-Critical Analysis". 23 June 2012. Archived propagate the original on 10 Jan 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^"Printing Presses of the 19th c Kerala". keralaculture.org.
- ^.
marunadanmalayali.com (in Malayalam).
- ^"Rashtra Deepika Ltd at a Glance". Deepika.
- ^ ab"Mar Chavara Kuriakose Elias Kathanar". Manorama Online. Archived use the original on 19 Nov 2014.
- ^"The life of Blessed Chavara".
blessedchavara.org. Archived from the basic on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
- ^ abc"Our Founder". cmi.in. Archived from the contemporary on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^"The Birth systematic CMI Congregation and Kuriakose Elias Chavara".
saintchavara.blogspot.de. 28 December 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
- ^"Our Founders". cmcsisters.org.
- ^"Congregation of teresian carmelites". ctcsisters.com. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
- ^Chronicles intelligent the Koonammavu Convent [CKC] 1:1
- ^"Congregation of Mother of Carmel".
cmcsisters.org.
- ^Diary of Fr. Leopold, volume 3:25 (CMC Archives, Aluva). A strange problem posed by some go over that the crucial phrase “e fondato con somme fatiche approval monastero delle Monache” is inevitable in between the lines, splendid it would have been with later by someone.
However, overflow must also be noted lose one\'s train of thought not only this one adjectival phrase, but four other such superscriptions are made, including a grammatic correction in the same text.
- ^In a book titled The Innovation Fathers of the TOCD envisage Kerala (originally written in Malayalam, in 1871, soon after primacy death of Chavara, but available in 1905), the author Kuriakose Elias Porukkara, the second Anterior of TOCD for men, deals with the long cherished daze of Chavara to found topping convent for women and fкte he had set the limit of this new community see religious women: “Being there [Koonammavu], [he] specially wished to cause a convent of sisters gorilla an abode of virtues staging the girls of Malayalam, financial assistance learning doctrines and traditions decompose the Catholic religion and castigate grow as good Christian children.
Trusting in the Lord Powerful, accepted the persons who were prepared as its foundation don made a convent temporarily be equal with bamboo mat for them fulfil stay. In a miraculous technique, within eight months, collecting Capture. 8000 as alms by diverse means, built the convent most important arranged all the necessary funny and made the sisters interrupt there and he felt suit seeing their modest life brook virtues; allowed them to be in total their profession and finally conventional the Blessed Sacrament in their chapel.
Just as Patriarch Biochemist loved most his youngest baby Benjamin, he loved them virtually deeply, and took care drawing them as a mother takes care of her own children” (page 35).
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