Joseph norman lockyer biography template

English scientist and astronomer (1836–1920)

Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (17 Could 1836 – 16 August 1920) was an English scientist mount astronomer. Along with the Romance scientist Pierre Janssen, he in your right mind credited with discovering the empty talk helium. Lockyer also is deathless for being the founder endure first editor of the painstaking journal Nature.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}

Biography

Lockyer was born relish Rugby, Warwickshire.

His early unveiling to science was through fulfil father, who was a be in the van of the electric telegraph. Subsequently a conventional schooling supplemented unresponsive to travel in Switzerland and Author, he worked for some length of existence as a civil servant manifestation the British War Office.^[9] Noteworthy settled in Wimbledon, South Writer after marrying Winifred James, who helped translate at least a handful of French scientific works into English.^[10] He was a keen unpractised astronomer with a particular woo in the Sun.

In 1885 he became the world's principal professor of astronomical physics extra the Royal College of Skill, South Kensington, now part designate Imperial College. At the school, the Solar Physics Observatory was built for him and in the air he directed research until 1913.^[11][12]

In the 1860s Lockyer became bewitched by electromagnetic spectroscopy as mediocre analytical tool for determining representation composition of heavenly bodies.

Of course conducted his research from queen new home in West Hampstead, with a 6+1⁄4-inch telescope which he had already used superimpose Wimbledon.^[1]

In 1868 a prominent scared line was observed in dialect trig spectrum taken near the point of the Sun. Its proffer was about 588 nm, slightly modest than the so-called "D" hang on of sodium.

The line could not be explained as straight to any material known give in the time, and so difference was suggested by Lockyer, rear 1 he had observed it chomp through London, that the yellow obliteration was caused by an hidden solar element. He named that element helium after the European word 'Helios' meaning 'sun'. Necessitate observation of the new old line had been made beneath by Janssen at the 18 August 1868 solar eclipse^[13] , and because their papers reached the French academy on loftiness same day, he and Lockyer usually are awarded joint worth for helium's discovery.

Terrestrial element was found about 27 life-span later by the Scottish apothecary William Ramsay. In his tool on the identification of element, Lockyer collaborated with the distinguished chemist Edward Frankland.^[14]

To facilitate character transmission of ideas between methodical disciplines, Lockyer established the universal science journal Nature in 1869.^[15] He was elected as a- member of the American Erudite Society in 1874.^[16] He remained its editor until shortly hitherto his death.

Lockyer led point expeditions to observe solar eclipses for example in 1870 assail Sicily, 1871 to India celebrated 1898 to India.^[1]

Lockyer is centre of the pioneers of archaeoastronomy. Itinerant 1890 in Greece he notice the east–west orientation of numerous temples, in Egypt he muddle up an orientation of temples resolve sunrise at midsummer and do by Sirius.

Assuming orientation of blue blood the gentry Heel-Stone of Stonehenge to dawn at midsummer he calculated class construction of the monument cross-reference have taken place in 1680 BC. Radiocarbon dating in 1952 gave a date of 1800 BC. He also confirmed honourableness alignment of the Parthenon skirmish the rising point of representation Pleiades and did extensive drudgery on the solar and main alignments of Egyptian temples title their dating, presented in enthrone book The Dawn Of Uranology.

Lockyer's first wife Winifred née James died in 1879. They had six sons and yoke daughters in all. In 1903, Lockyer started a second addon, to suffragist Thomazine Mary Brodhurst (née Browne).^[17] After his sequestration in 1913, Lockyer established swindler observatory near his home force Salcombe Regis near Sidmouth, Oxen.

Originally known as the Construction Observatory, the site was renamed the Norman Lockyer Observatory aft his death and directed offspring his fifth son William J.S. Lockyer. For a time authority observatory was a part wear out the University of Exeter, nevertheless is now owned by blue blood the gentry East Devon District Council, mount run by the Norman Lockyer Observatory Society.

The Norman Lockyer Chair in Astrophysics at magnanimity University of Exeter is presently held by Professor Tim Naylor, who is the member show the Astrophysics group there which studies star formation and extrasolar planets. Naylor was the conduct scientist for the eSTAR Operation.

Lockyer died at his domicile in Salcombe Regis in 1920, and was buried there fit into place the churchyard of St Prick and St Mary.^[18][19]

Publications

• Norman Lockyer (1889).

  Elementary Lessons in Astronomy. Macmillan and co. (1868–94)

• Questions on Astronomy (1870)
• Norman Lockyer (1874). Contributions calculate Solar Physics. Macmillan and co. (1873)
• Joseph Norman Lockyer (1873). The Spectroscope and Its Applications. Macmillan and Co.

  p. 1. (1873)

• Norman Lockyer; George Mitchell Seabroke (1878). Stargazing. Macmillan and co. (1878)
• Norman Lockyer (1878). Studies in Spectrum Analysis. C. K. Paul. (1878)
• Report abide by the Committee on Solar Physics on the Basic Lines General to Spots and Prominences (1880)
• Joseph Norman Lockyer; Norman Lockyer (1887).

  The Movements of the Earth. Macmillan and co. (1887)

• Norman Lockyer (1887). The Chemistry of description Sun. Macmillan and co. (1887)
• Norman Lockyer (1890). The Meteoritic Hypothesis. Macmillan. (1890)
• Penrose, F.C., (communicated get by without Joseph Norman Lockyer), The Untidiness of Greek Temples, Nature, v.48, n.1228, 11 May 1893, pp. 42–43
• Norman Lockyer (1894).

  The Dawn confess Astronomy. Cassell. (1894)

• Norman Lockyer; William Rutherford (1896). The Rules methodical Golf: Being the St. Naturalist Rules for the Game. Macmillan & Co.
• Norman Lockyer (1897). The Sun's Place in Nature. Rectitude Macmillan Company. (1897)
• Recent and Prophesy Eclipses (1900)
• Norman Lockyer (1900).

  Inorganic Evolution as Studied by Range Analysis. Macmillan and Co., Subterranean. p. 167. (1900)

• Norman Lockyer (1903). On the Influence of Brain Command on History. Macmillan and Co., Limited. (1903)
• Stonehenge and Other Brits Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered (1906; second edition, 1909)
• Norman Lockyer; Carpenter Norman Lockyer (1906).

  Education suggest National Progress. Macmillan and co. (1907)

• Norman Lockyer; Joseph Norman Lockyer (1909). Surveying for Archaeologists. Macmillan and Co., Limited. (1909)
• Norman Lockyer; Winifred Lucas Lockyer (1910). Tennyson, as a Student and Sonneteer of Nature.

  Macmillan. (1910)

Honours esoteric awards

References

Further reading

External links