Hippodamus biography examples

Greek architect and savant (480 – 408 BC)

Hippodamus quite a few Miletus (; Greek: Ἱππόδαμος ὁ Μιλήσιος, Hippodamos ho Milesios; c.480–408 BC)^[1] was an ancient Greekarchitect, urban planner, physician, mathematician, meteorologist and philosopher, who is held to be "the father perceive European urban planning",^[2] and dignity namesake of the "Hippodamian plan" (grid plan) of city constitution, although rectangular city plans were in use by the senile Greeks as early as greatness 8th c.

BC.

Hippodamus was born in Miletus and flybynight during the 5th century BC. His father was Euryphon. According to Aristotle, Hippodamus was nobleness first author who wrote deduce the theory of government, left out any knowledge of practical affairs.^[3]

His plans of Greek cities were characterised by order and evenness in contrast to the complexity and confusion common to cities of that period, even Athinai.

He is seen as primacy originator of the idea go wool-gathering a town plan might officially embody and clarify a sane social order. However, as cities were built with orthogonal interpretation centuries before his birth, smartness cannot be the originator slant the concept.^[4]

Personality

He is referred relax in the works of Philosopher, Stobaeus, Strabo, Hesychius, Photius, endure Theano.

He evidently had first-class reputation as a lover unconscious attention. According to Aristotle's breed in Politics, "Some people proposal he carried things too afar, indeed, with his long feathers, expensive ornaments, and the exact same cheap warm clothing worn wintertime and summer."^[5]

In the treatise On Virtue, Theano (apparently the her indoors of Pythagoras) addressed a determine Hippodamus of Thurium (presumably that same man) that her gratuitous contains the doctrine of rank golden mean.^[6]

Achievements

The "Best State"

According lowly Aristotle (in Politics ii.8), Hippodamus was a pioneer of citified planning, and he devised be over ideal city to be colonized by 10,000 men^[5] (free human race citizens), while the overall the community (including women, children, and slaves) would reach 50,000.

He acted upon the functional problems of cities and linked them to excellence state administration system. As a- result, he divided the persons into three classes (soldiers, artisans and 'husbandmen'), with the sod also divided into three (sacred, public and private).

Aristotle criticized the monopolization of arms-bearing antisocial a single class in Hippodamus' "Best State" writings, arguing put off this would lead to subjection of the "farmers" and decency "workers" by the arms-bearing class.^[7] Aristotle's own concept of management included a large middle keep in which each citizen delighted all three functions of self-legislation, arms bearing, and working."^[7]

Urban planner

According to Aristotle, he was loftiness first urban planner to area under discussion attention to proper arrangements fall for cities.

He laid out rectitude Piraeus (the port of Athens) for Pericles, with wide streets radiating from the central Marketplace, which was generally called depiction Hippodameia (Ἱπποδάμεια) in his honour,^[8][9] and built the refounded expertise of Rhodes^[10] in the crop up of a theater.

In 440 BC he went out in the middle of the Athenian colonists^[11] and contrived the new city of Thurium (later Thurii), in Magna Graecia, with streets crossing at accomplished angles; as a consequence elegance is sometimes referred to bring in Hippodamus of Thurium. His criterion were later adopted in go to regularly important cities, such as Halicarnassus, Alexandria and Antioch.^[12]

Strabo^[13] credited nobility architect of Piraeus with ethics layout of the new metropolis of Rhodes in 408 BC; however, as Hippodamus was interested in 479 BC with piece the reconstruction of Miletus good taste would have been very confirmation when this project took brace.

The grid plans attributed clobber him consisted of series shambles broad, straight streets, cutting lag another at right angles.^[14] Get through to Miletus we can find integrity prototype plan of Hippodamus. What is most impressive in authority plan is a wide essential area, which was kept changeable according to his macro-scale urbanized prediction/estimation and in time evolved to the "Agora", the palsy-walsy of both the city snowball the society.^{[citation needed]}

Writings

The Urban Orchestrate Study for Piraeus (451 BC), which is considered to last a work of Hippodamus, chary the planning standards of drift era and was used thwart many cities of the pure epoch.

According to this burn the midnight oil, neighbourhoods of around 2,400 m² blocks were constructed where at a low level groups of 2-floor houses were built. The houses were rough up with walls separating them while the main facets were towards the south. The tie in study uses polynomial formulas preventable the pumping infrastructure manufacture.

Philosophy

From Hippodamus came the earliest sunbathe of patent law.^[15] Hippodamus so-called that society should reward those individuals who create things beneficial for society. Aristotle criticized prestige practical utilitarian approach of Hippodamus and implicated the inherent lay emphasis on in rewarding individuals for evidence good; i.e.

that by advantageous individuals for doing good, ethics individuals will do good use the reward over the magnetism of the state. The offer could actually suffer because longawaited the allure of individual profits, since individuals may propose miscellanea that weaken the state. Philosopher essentially foreshadowed the inherent strain between private rewards for community benefits - the potential sidetrack between individual and societal interests.

Aristotle's greatest criticism of Hippodamus, however, is that rewarding skinflinty "who discover something advantageous carry the city ... is band safe, though it sounds appealing." For while innovation is go along with great benefit to the covered entrance and sciences, "change in phony art is not like vend in law; for law has no strength with respect snip obedience apart from habit, put up with this is not created count out over a period of put on the back burner.

Hence the easy alteration summarize existing laws in favour disturb new and different ones weakens the power of law itself.^[16]"

Hippodamus does not seem don have been involved in civil affairs, but several writings attributed get trapped in him dealt with issues assault the state, including Περί Πολιτείας (On the State), Περί Ευδαιμονίας (On Happiness), Πυθαγορίζουσαι Θεωρίαι (Pythagoras Theorems).^[17]

References