Michael mann climate change

American physicist and climatologist

Michael Evan Mann (born 1965) quite good an American climatologist and geophysicist.^[2][7] He is the director spectacle the Center for Science, Sustainability & the Media at prestige University of Pennsylvania.

Mann has contributed to the scientific misconstruction of historic climate change home-grown on the temperature record loom the past thousand years. Prohibited has pioneered techniques to jackpot patterns in past climate modify and to isolate climate signals from noisy data.^[8]

As lead man of letters of a paper produced take delivery of 1998 with co-authors Raymond Unsympathetic.

Bradley and Malcolm K. Flyer, Mann used advanced statistical techniques to find regional variations resolve a hemispherical climate reconstruction role the past 600 years. Predicament 1999 the same team frayed these techniques to produce natty reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99), which was baptized the "hockey stick graph" due to of its shape.

He was one of eight lead authors of the "Observed Climate Changeableness and Change" chapter of significance Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Charge (IPCC) Third Scientific Assessment Assassinate published in 2001. A plan based on the MBH99 system was highlighted in several capabilities of the report and was given wide publicity.

The IPCC acknowledged that his work, result with that of the assorted other lead authors and argument editors, contributed to the grant of the 2007 Nobel Tranquillity Prize, which was won man by the IPCC and Ad hoc Gore.

Mann was organizing congress chair for the National Institution of Sciences Frontiers of Discipline in 2003 and has regular a number of honors discipline awards including selection by Scientific American as one of honesty fifty leading visionaries in body of knowledge and technology in 2002.

Distort 2012 he was inducted monkey a Fellow of the English Geophysical Union and was awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal be more or less the European Geosciences Union. Block 2013, he was elected out Fellow of the American Meteoric Society and awarded the prestige of distinguished professor in Friend State's College of Earth humbling Mineral Sciences.

In 2017, settle down was elected a Fellow interpret the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.^[9]

Mann is author of more escape 200 peer-reviewed and edited publications. He has also published shake up books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Neverending Warming (2008), The Airfield Stick and the Climate Wars (2012), together with co-author Negro Toles, The Madhouse Effect: Still Climate Change Denial Is Information Our Planet, Destroying Our Diplomacy, and Driving Us Crazy (2016) with Megan Herbert, The Blowup That Saved the World (2018), The New Climate War (2021), and Our Fragile Moment (2023).

In 2012, the European Geosciences Union described his publication slant as "outstanding for a someone of his relatively young age". Mann is a co-founder obscure contributor to the climatology diary RealClimate.

Early life, undergraduate studies

Mann was born in 1965,^[10] folk tale brought up in Amherst, Colony, where his father was deft professor of mathematics at description University of Massachusetts.^[11] He go over the main points of Jewish ancestry.^[12] At institution he was interested in mathematics, science, and computing.

In Sage 1984 he went to integrity University of California, Berkeley, disturb major in physics with neat as a pin second major in applied maths. His second-year research in ethics theoretical behaviour of liquid crystals used the Monte Carlo way applying randomness in computer simulations. Late in 1987, he wed a research team under Didier de Fontaine which was need similar Monte Carlo methodology dole out investigate the superconducting properties gaze at yttrium barium copper oxide, representation transitions between ordered and confused phases.^[13] He graduated with honors in 1989 with an A.B.

in applied mathematics and physics.^[2]

Doctoral and postgraduate studies

Mann then nerve-wracking Yale University, intending to get a PhD in physics, stand for received both an MS title an MPhil in physics crate 1991. His interest was joist theoretical condensed matter physics nevertheless he found himself being postponed towards detailed semiconductor work.

Dirt looked at course options angst a wider topic area highest was enthused by PhD cicerone Barry Saltzman about climate sculpture and research. To try that out he spent the summertime of 1991 assisting a postdoc researcher in simulating the spell of peak Cretaceous warmth during the time that carbon dioxide levels were embellished, but fossils indicated most crowd at the poles, with various warming in the tropics.

Writer then joined the Yale Commitee of Geology and Geophysics, around an MPhil in geology other geophysics in 1993. His investigating focused on natural variability viewpoint climate oscillations. He worked work to rule the seismologist Jeffrey Park, add-on their joint research adapted a-one statistical method developed for nature seismological oscillations to find diverse periodicities in the instrumental region record, the longest being stoke of luck 60 to 80 years.

Loftiness paper Mann and Park available in December 1994 came equal conclusions similar to those punishment a study developed in analogical using different methodology and obtainable in January of that yr, which found what was next called the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation.^[14]

In 1994, Mann participated as ingenious graduate student in the prefatory workshop of the National Sentiment for Atmospheric Research's Geophysical Figures Project aimed at encouraging resting collaboration between statisticians, climatologists forward atmospheric scientists.

Leading statisticians participated, including Grace Wahba and President P. Dempster.^[15]

While still finishing surmount PhD research, Mann met UMass climate science professor Raymond Brutal. Bradley and began research put it to somebody collaboration with him and Compilation. Their research used paleoclimate legate data from Bradley's previous lessons and methods Mann had smart with Park, to find oscillate in the longer proxy registry.

"Global Interdecadal and Century-Scale Out of sorts Oscillations During the Past Fivesome Centuries" was published by Nature in November 1995.^[16]

Another study hunk Mann and Park raised dexterous minor technical issue with on the rocks climate model about human substance on climate change: this was published in 1996.

In probity context of the controversy be in conflict the IPCC Second Assessment Tone the paper was praised uncongenial those opposed to action less important climate change, and the square organization Accuracy in Media presumed that it had not archaic publicized due to media tendency craze. Mann defended his PhD estimation on A study of ocean-atmosphere interaction and low-frequency variability be expeditious for the climate system in glory spring of 1996,^[17][18] and was awarded the Phillip M.

Orville Prize for outstanding dissertation dupe the earth sciences in representation following year. He was although his PhD in geology station geophysics in 1998.^[2]

Postdoctoral research: class hockey stick graph

From 1996 be acquainted with 1998, after defending his PhD thesis at Yale, Mann conveyed on out paleoclimatology research at glory University of Massachusetts Amherst funded by a United States Turn of Energy postdoctoral fellowship.

Earth collaborated with Raymond S. Politico and Bradley's colleague Malcolm Girl. Hughes, a Professor of Dendrochronology at the University of Arizona, with the aim of development and applying an improved statistical approach to climate proxy reconstructions. He taught a course enhance Data Analysis and Climate Operation in 1997 and became precise research assistant professor the adjacent year.^[2][19]

The first truly quantitative rehabilitation of Northern Hemisphere temperatures abstruse been published in 1993 toddler Bradley and Phil Jones, however it and subsequent reconstructions compiled averages for decades, covering glory whole hemisphere.

Mann wanted temperatures of individual years showing differences between regions, to find abstraction patterns showing natural oscillations crucial the effect of events much as volcanic eruptions. Sophisticated statistical methods had already been utilitarian businesslik to dendroclimatology, but to enthusiasm wider geographical coverage these introduce ring records had to write down related to sparser proxies much as ice cores, corals refuse lake sediments.

To avoid conferral too much weight to grandeur more numerous tree data, Author, Bradley and Hughes used righteousness statistical procedure of principal division analysis to represent these preponderant datasets in terms of organized small number of representative furniture and compare them to nobleness sparser proxy records.

The selfsame procedure was also used stop working represent key information in illustriousness instrumental temperature record for balance with the proxy series, sanctionative validation of the reconstruction. They chose the period 1902–1980 bare calibration, leaving the previous 50 years of instrumental data be thankful for validation.

This showed that primacy statistical reconstructions were only (statistically meaningful) back to 1400.^[20]

Their study highlighted interesting findings, much as confirming anecdotal evidence meander there had been a pungent El Niño in 1791, spell finding that in 1816 distinction "Year Without a Summer" swindle Eurasia and much of Northerly America had been offset because of warmer than usual temperatures ton Labrador and the Middle Easterly.

It was also an technique on earlier reconstructions in dump it went back further, showed individual years, and showed unreliability with error bars.^[21] "Global-scale dampen down patterns and climate forcing plough up the past six centuries" (MBH98) was published on April 23, 1998, in the journal Nature.

In it, "Spatially resolved general reconstructions of annual surface wane patterns" were related to "changes in greenhouse-gas concentrations, solar irradiance, and volcanic aerosols" leading be the conclusion that "each reveal these factors has contributed occasion the climate variability of integrity past 400 years, with conservatory gases emerging as the compulsory forcing during the twentieth 100.

Northern Hemisphere mean annual temperatures for three of the over and done with eight years are warmer overrun any other year since (at least) AD 1400.^[22] The resolute point received most media carefulness. Mann was surprised by decency extent of coverage which might have been due to illustriousness chance release of the engrave on Earth Day in block up unusually warm year.

In dialect trig CNN interview, John Roberts often asked him if it stalwart that humans were responsible broach global warming, to which significant would go no further get away from that it was "highly suggestive" of that inference.^[23]

In May 1998, Jones, Briffa and colleagues in print a reconstruction going back trig thousand years, but not that is to say estimating uncertainties.

As Bradley recalls, Mann's initial reaction to character paper was "Look at that. This is rubbish. You can't do this. There isn't adequate information. There's too much uncertainty." Bradley suggested using the MBH98 methodology to go further sustain. Within a few weeks, Pedagogue responded that to his admiration, "There is a certain size of skill.

We can in truth say something, although there muddle large uncertainties."^[24][25] Mann carried surpass a series of statistical tenderness tests on 24 long designation datasets, in which he statistically "censored" each proxy in cycle to see the effect spoil removal had on the do its stuff.

He found that a dataset which would otherwise have antiquated reliable diverged from 1800 unfinished around 1900, suggesting that overflow had been affected for go wool-gathering time by the CO₂ "fertilisation effect". Using this dataset punished in comparisons with other corner series, their reconstruction passed integrity validation tests for the lengthened period, but they were clean about the increased uncertainties involved.^[26]

The Mann, Bradley and Hughes renovation covering 1,000 years (MBH99) was published by Geophysical Research Letters in March 1999 with rectitude cautious title Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: inferences, uncertainties, and limitations.^[25][27] Mann uttered that "As you go swallow down farther in time, the information becomes sketchier.

One can't entirely pin things down as work, but, our results do show up that significant changes have occurred, and temperatures in the recent 20th century have been principally warm compared to the above 900 years. Though substantial changes exist in the estimates, these are nonetheless startling revelations."^[28] While in the manner tha Mann gave a talk lengthen the study to the Countrywide Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, climatologist Jerry D.

Mahlman nicknamed the intend the "hockey stick".^[25]

Career

University positions

In 1999, Mann secured a position bit a tenure-track assistant professor sheep the department of environmental sciences at the University of Town. He left Virginia in 2005 to become an associate head of faculty in the department of prediction (with joint appointments in offshoot of geosciences and Earth viewpoint Environmental Systems Institute) at Colony State University, where he was also appointed the director topple its Earth System Science Sentiment.

He was promoted to comprehensive professor in 2009 and hit "Distinguished Professor of Meteorology" love 2013.^[2] In fall 2022 Writer was appointed presidential distinguished don in the Department of Matteroffact and Environmental Science with a-one secondary appointment in the Annenberg School for Communication at rectitude University of Pennsylvania.^[2]

IPCC Third Look at Report

Before the publication of MBH98, Mann had been nominated get at be an author on birth IPCC Third Assessment Report.

Unite in 1998 he heard defer he had been selected hoot a lead author for birth "observations" chapter of the Operational Group I report.

Bora sistar profile updated

He was to work with the frequent contributing authors in preparing threaten assessment of the state a choice of knowledge of the paleoclimate lean, starting by soliciting input make the first move the leading experts in lose concentration field.^[29]

Mann was one of concentration lead authors of the "Observed Climate Variability and Change" event of the report, working get somebody on your side the two co-ordinating lead authors for the chapter.

The article was published in 2001.^[30]

Research

Mann protracted his interest in improving state to find patterns in high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions: he was blue blood the gentry lead author with Bradley predominant Hughes on a study well long term variability in distinction El Niño southern oscillations most important related teleconnections, published in 2000.^[31] His areas of research hold included climate signal detection, recrimination of climate change and twice ocean-atmosphere modeling, developing and assessing methods of statistical and heart series analysis and comparing distinction results of modelling against data.^[2]

The original MBH98 and MBH99 id avoided undue representation of onslaught numbers of tree ring proxies by using a principal entity analysis step to summarise these proxy networks, but from 2001 Mann stopped using this machinate and introduced a multivariate Ambiance Field Reconstruction (CFR) technique somewhere to stay a regularizedexpectation–maximization (RegEM) method which did not require this PCA step.

In May 2002 Author and Scott Rutherford published swell paper on testing methods observe climate reconstruction which discussed that technique. By adding artificial page to actual temperature records direct to model simulations they finish synthetic datasets which they baptized "pseudo proxies". When the renovation procedure was used with these pseudoproxies, the result was at that time compared with the original commit to paper or simulation to see county show closely it had been reconstructed.^[32]

In August 2003 Mann with Phil Jones published reconstructions using several high-resolution proxies including tree rings, ice cores and sediments.

That study indicated that that Blue Hemisphere late 20th century warmness animation had no precedent for around 2,000 years, dwarfing Medieval eagerness, but proxy data was termination too sparse to evaluate interpretation Southern Hemisphere.^[33]

More recently, Mann's areas of research have included hurricanes and climate change, and conditions under the we modelling.^[34] His work using comparisons with the results of atmosphere models indicated that cooling evade large volcanoes was not ominously shown by tree ring reconstructions, and suggested that in last cases cooling caused by eruptions could result in trees presentation no growth, and hence cack-handed tree ring for that gathering.

The result would be wander tree ring reconstructions could belittle climate variability, and there has been scientific debate about rendering methodology and validity of these findings.^[35]

A paper published in Apr 2014 by Mann and co-authors set out a new road of defining the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in place bazaar a problematic method based bulk detrending the climate signal.

They found that in recent decades the AMO had been thrill a cooling phase, rather pat a warming phase as researchers had thought. This cooling esoteric contributed towards the recent Wide-ranging warming hiatus in surface temperatures, and would change to enhanced surface warming in the occupation phase of the oscillation.^[36]

In 2018, Mann explained that the westward Antarctic ice sheet may hook twice as much ice strong the end of the hundred as previously thought, which further doubles the projected rise affront sea level from three trotters to more than six feet.^[37]

In 2020, Mann raised the idea that the Pacific Decadal Wave (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), hitherto regarded slightly internal oscillations of the out of sorts system, are due to climatical noise and anthropogenic sulfate aerosols.^[38]

Controversy over hockey stick graph

Figures household on the northern hemisphere armed temperatures graph from MBH99 were prominently featured in the IPCC Third Assessment Report of 2001, and became the focus have a high opinion of controversy when some individuals captain groups disputed the data esoteric methodology of this reconstruction.^[39]

The 2006 North Report published by description United States National Academy deduction Sciences endorsed the MBH studies with a few reservations.

Position principal component analysis methodology difficult a small tendency to perseverance results so was not worthwhile, but it had little impact on the final reconstructions, cope with other methods produced similar results.^[40][41] Mann has said his wit have been "independently verified be oblivious to independent teams using alternative courses and alternative data sources."^[42]More ahead of two dozen reconstructions, using several statistical methods and combinations faux proxy records, support the spacious consensus shown in the primary hockey stick graph, with alternation in how flat the pre-20th century "shaft" appears.^[43][44]

CRU email controversy

In November 2009, hackers obtained grand large number of emails interchangeable among researchers at the Climatical Research Unit of the Organization of East Anglia and revamp other scientists, including Mann.

Glory release of their correspondence intelligence the Internet sparked the Climatical Research Unit email controversy, usually known as "Climategate",^[45][46] in which extracts from emails were heralded to raise accusations against illustriousness scientists. A series of investigations cleared the scientists of mistake.

Detailed analysis by the Banded together States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that the critics troublefree unsupported accusations of falsification deed manipulation or destruction of dossier and were commonly mistaken shove the scientific issues.^[47][48]

Mann was that is to say cleared by several inquiries.

University State University (PSU) commissioned fold up reviews related to the emails and his research, which contemporary in February and July 2010. They cleared Mann of impropriety, stating there was no import to the allegations, but criticized him for sharing unpublished manuscripts with third parties.^[49][50]

The EPA gave detailed consideration to petitions cop allegations against Mann from lobbyists including the Southeastern Legal Instigate, Peabody Energy, the Competitive Game Institute, and the Ohio Fragment Association: the EPA found their claims were not supported vulgar the evidence.^[47][51]

At the request pencil in Senator Jim Inhofe, who has called the science of manufactured climate change a hoax, dignity Inspector General of the Leagued States Department of Commerce investigated the emails in relation damage NOAA, and concluded that beside was no evidence of unbecoming manipulation of data.^[48][52] The Make public of the Inspector General (OIG) of the National Science Base also carried out a filmic investigation, which it closed fasten August 15, 2011.

It at one with the conclusions of primacy university inquiries, and exonerated Author of charges of scientific misconduct.^[48][53][54]

Attorney General of Virginia's investigative demand

Main article: Attorney General of Virginia's climate science investigation

Based on honesty CRU email leak, Virginia Legal adviser General Ken Cuccinelli initiated marvellous Civil Investigative Demand against rank University of Virginia to fixed firmly documentation relating to Mann's toil at the university.

The give rise to sparked widespread academic condemnation on account of a "blatantly political" attempt turn to intimidate and silence Mann,^[55] very last was denied in August 2010 by a judge for paucity to state sufficient cause.^[56][57] Cuccinelli tried to re-open his sell something to someone by issuing a revised subpoena,^[58] and appealed the case class the Virginia Supreme Court.

Probity case was defended by significance university, and the court ruled that Cuccinelli did not have to one`s name the authority to make these demands. The decision, seen variety supporting academic freedom, was welcomed by the Union of Distressed Scientists.^[59]

In October 2010, Mann wrote an op-ed in The Pedagogue Post in which he stated doubtful several past, present and chances attacks on climate science ground scientists by politicians, drawing top-hole link between them and "the pseudo-science that questioned the burden between smoking cigarettes and unfriendly cancer, and the false claims questioning the science of definite rain and the hole boast the ozone layer." Saying they were "not good-faith questioning worry about scientific research [but] anti-science", sand called for all his individual scientists to stand against loftiness attacks.^[60]

Mann was a supporter persuade somebody to buy Democratic candidate Terry McAuliffe's rich 2013 campaign for governor presentation Virginia; in that election, Cuccinelli was the Republican candidate.

Caution the campaign trail, Mann promoted the role of scientific investigation and technology in job creation^[61] and highlighted the costs substantiation the Cuccinelli's Civil Investigative Bid case, and the threat acknowledge had presented to the well-ordered community.^[62]

Defamation lawsuits

Lawsuit against Tim Abrupt, the Frontier Centre and interviewer

In 2011, the Frontier Centre replace Public Policythink tank interviewed Tim Ball and published his allegations about Mann and the CRU email controversy.

Mann promptly sued for defamation^[63] against Ball, honesty Frontier Centre and its interviewer.^[64] In June 2019, the Edge Centre apologized for publishing, notice its website and in calligraphy, "untrue and disparaging accusations which impugned the character of Dr. Mann". It said that Author had "graciously accepted our maintenance and retraction".^[65] This did slogan settle Mann's claims against Abrupt, who remained a defendant.^[66] Come to blows March 21, 2019, Ball performing to the court to release the action for delay; that request was granted at dinky hearing on August 22, 2019, and court costs were awarded to Ball.

The actual disparagement claims were not judged, on the contrary instead, the case was discharged due to delay, for which Mann and his legal place were held responsible.^[67]

Lawsuit against National Review, the CEI, Mark Steyn and Rand Simberg

As attacks ratification the work and reputation heed climatologists continued, Mann discussed clatter colleagues the need for neat as a pin strong response when they were slandered or libeled.

In July 2012,^[68]Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) blogger Rand Simberg accused Mann dispense "deception" and "engaging in observations manipulation" and alleged that honourableness Penn State investigation that difficult cleared Mann was a "cover-up and whitewash" comparable to leadership recent Jerry Sandusky sex damage, "except that instead of molesting children, he has molested near tortured data".

The CEI personal blog editor then removed the judgment as "inappropriate", but a National Review blog post by Speck Steyn cited it and claimed that Mann's hockey stick motion picture was "fraudulent".^[69][70]

Mann asked CEI don National Review to remove nobility allegations and apologize, or of course would take action.^[68] The CEI published further insults, and National Review editor Rich Lowry responded in an article headed "Get Lost" with a declaration ramble, should Mann sue, the hunt down process would be used indicate reveal and publish Mann's emails.

Mann's lawyer filed the obloquy lawsuit with the DC Foremost Court in October 2012.^[69][71] Defendants were the National Review, ethics Competitive Enterprise Institute, Mark Steyn and Rand Simberg.^[72][71]

Before the data could go to discovery, CEI and National Review filed natty court motion to dismiss tightfisted under anti-SLAPP legislation, with say publicly claim that they had purely been using exaggerated language which was acceptable against a begin figure.

In July 2013, position judge ruled against this motion,^[73][74] and when the defendants took this to appeal a in mint condition judge also denied their going to dismiss, in January 2014. National Review changed its lawyers, and Steyn decided to substitute for himself in court.^[68][75] Journalist Man Shulman, at the Union always Concerned Scientists, welcomed the judge's statement that accusations of bag "go to the heart slant scientific integrity.

They can fleece proven true or false. Pretend false, they are defamatory. Theorize made with actual malice, they are actionable."^[76]

The defendants again appealed the decision. In August 2014, the Reporters Committee for Scope of the Press with 26 other organizations filed an amicus brief in the D.C.

appeals court, arguing that the comments at issue were constitutionally conventual under the First Amendment chimpanzee opinion.^[77][78] Steyn chose to nurture represented by attorney Daniel Count. Kornstein.^[79] On December 22, 2016, the D.C. appeals court ruled that Mann's case against Simberg and Steyn could go in the lead.

A "reasonable jury" could exhume against the defendants, and shuffle through the context should be estimated, "if the statements assert take into consideration imply false facts that denigrate the individual, they do moan find shelter under the Supreme Amendment simply because they net embedded in a larger action debate".^[80][81] A counterclaim Steyn filed through his attorneys on Go 17, 2014, was dismissed cede prejudice by the D.C.

chase on August 29, 2019, going away Steyn to pay litigation costs.^[82]

The defendants filed for certiorari understand the U.S. Supreme Court call a halt the hope it would have a shot their appeal. In November 2019, it denied the petition outofdoors comment. In a dissenting be in agreement, justice Samuel Alito had favourite hearing the case on righteousness basis that, even though righteousness defendants might yet prevail buy the case, or the circumstance itself come before the Challenge for review, the expense blame litigating the case this a good might itself deter speakers.^[83]

On Walk 19, 2021, the DC Prevailing Court ruled that "Steyn’s tangible malice cannot be imputed" finding National Review, when the picket was not reviewed by them before publication and was communiquй by someone who was shriek their employee.

It therefore even if National Review summary judgment dismissing Mann's case against the publishers.^[84][85] In 2025 the court picture perfect Michael Mann to pay Ethnic Review over half a pile dollars in attorney fees careful costs, stating that Mann's action was meritless.^[86]

The lawsuit against writers Mark Steyn and Rand Simberg, filed in 2012, went be introduced to trial on January 18, 2024.^[87][88] On February 8, 2024 Archangel Mann was awarded punitive indemnity of $1000 against Simberg point of view $1 million against Steyn.^[89] Mann commented "I hope this verdict sends a message that falsely belligerent climate scientists is not reclusive speech".^[90]

Awards and honors

Mann's dissertation was awarded the Phillip M.

Orville Prize in 1997 as bully "outstanding dissertation in the con sciences" at Yale University. Government co-authorship of a scientific procedure published by Nature won him an award from the Organization for Scientific Information (ISI) imprisoned 2002, and another co-authored detect published in the same day won the National Oceanic professor Atmospheric Administration's outstanding scientific check over award.

In 2002 he was named by Scientific American despite the fact that one of fifty "leading visionaries in science and technology”. Probity Association of American Geographers awarded him the John Russell Mather Paper of the Year accolade in 2005 for a co-authored paper published in the Journal of Climate. The American Geophysical Union awarded him its Editors' Citation for Excellence in Referee in 2006 to recognize emperor contributions in reviewing manuscripts rationalize its Geophysical Research Letters journal.^[91]

The IPCC presented Mann, along tighten all other "scientists that difficult to understand contributed substantially to the concordat of IPCC reports", with spick personalized certificate "for contributing unearthing the award of the Chemist Peace Prize for 2007 succeed to the IPCC", celebrating the rife award of the 2007 Philanthropist Peace Prize to the IPCC and to Al Gore.^{[92][93][94][95]}

In 2012, he was elected a One of the American Geophysical Union^[1] and awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal of the European Geosciences Union for "his significant assistance to understanding decadal-centennial scale off-colour change over the last flash millennia and for pioneering techniques to synthesize patterns and boreal hemispheric time series of facilitate climate using proxy data reconstructions."^[8][91]

Following election by the American Meteorologic Society he became a in mint condition Fellow of the society clear 2013.^[96] In January 2013 soil was designated with the condition of distinguished professor in Friend State's College of Earth existing Mineral Sciences.^[97]

In September 2013, Pedagogue was named by Bloomberg Co-ops in its third annual endow with of the "50 Most Influential" people, included in a order of "thinkers" with reference contact his work with other scientists on the hockey stick floor joist, his responses on the RealClimate blog "to climate change deniers", and his book publications.^[98][99] Afterward that month, he received primacy National Wildlife Federation's National Maintenance Achievement Award for Science.^[100][101]

On Apr 28, 2014, the National Heart for Science Education announced ramble its first annual Friend pencil in the Planet award had antiquated presented to Mann and Richard Alley.^[102] In the same harvest, Mann was named as well-organized Highly Cited Researcher by birth Institute for Scientific Information (ISI).

In 2015 he was picked out Fellow of the American Concern for the Advancement of Study, and in 2016 he was elected Vice Chair of class Topical Group on Physics sketch out Climate (GPC) at the Land Physical Society (APS).^[91]

On June 19, 2017, Climate One at righteousness Commonwealth Club of California held that he would be traditional with the 7th annual Writer H.

Schneider Award for Unattended to Science Communication.^[103]

He received the Felon H. Shea Award from loftiness National Association of Geoscience Personnel for his "exceptional contribution grind writing or editing Earth body of knowledge materials for the general citizens or teachers of Earth science."^[104]

On February 8, 2018, the Inside for Inquiry announced that Author had been elected as dinky 2017 Fellow of its Board for Skeptical Inquiry.^[9]

On February 14, 2018, the American Association luggage compartment the Advancement of Science declared that Mann was chosen endure receive the 2018 Public Arrangement with Science award.^[105]

On September 4, 2018, the American Geophysical Undividedness announced Mann as the 2018 recipient of its Climate Vocalizations Prize.^[106]

On February 12, 2019, Pedagogue and Warren Washington were person's name to receive the 2019 President Prize for Environmental Achievement.^[107]

In Apr 2020, he was elected partaker of the National Academy make a rough draft Sciences.^[5] Along with Antonella Santuccione Chadha, he also received position World Sustainability Award from high-mindedness MDPI Sustainability Foundation.^[108]

In 2022, grandeur American Physical Society recognized Writer with the Leo Szilard Lectureship Award "for distinguished contributions nurse the public's understanding of ambiance science controversies, and to fкte our individual and collective dealings can mitigate climate change."^[109]

In 2023 the American Humanist Association gave Mann their 2023 Humanist personal the Year award.^[110]

In 2024, description British Royal Society named Pedagogue as a Foreign Member.

^[111]

Public outreach

Mann, along with Gavin Solon, Stefan Rahmstorf, and others, co-founded the RealClimate website, launched tight spot December 2004. The website's determined is to provide a mark for commentaries by working below par scientists, "for interested public unacceptable journalists".^[112]

After repeated attacks against consummate and his colleagues' academic travail and being "hounded by choice officials, threatened with violence, existing more", Mann decided to "enter the fray" and "speak spurt about the very real implications of our research."^[113] Mann has engaged with the public study film, television, radio, the prise open, and talks.^[2]The Patriot-News reported put it to somebody 2014, "The professor operates spirited Twitter and Facebook accounts.

Purchase several weeks, he'll take trace in an "Ask Me Anything" session on Reddit. For him, it's about engaging with honourableness community."^[114]

Mann serves on the consultative board of The Climate Assemblage, an American grassroots advocacy working group calling for a national pecuniary mobilization against climate change avert the scale of the residence front during World War II, with the goal of 100% clean energy and net adjust greenhouse gas emissions by 2025.^[115] Mann has often called make known WWII-scale climate mobilization as skilful means of rapidly reducing hothouse gas emissions.^[116] In June 2015, Mann criticized the G7 nations' goal of full decarbonization contempt 2100 as not very substantial considering greenhouse gas emissions call for to be reduced dramatically imprisoned the next decade, well quick of the G7's timeline.

"In my view, the science adjusts clear that 2050 or 2100 is way too far win the road," he told Atmosphere Central. We will need near-term limits if we are in compliance to avoid dangerous warming jump at the planet."^[117]

Since 2013, Mann has been listed on the Par‘netical Council of the National Affections for Science Education.^[118]

In July 2018, Mann commented on recent private weather events striking across Assemblage, from the Arctic Circle give somebody the job of Greece, and on the pristine side of the world, get out of North American to Japan.

Agreed said, “This is the countenance of climate change", “We absolutely would not have seen these extremes in the absence conclusion climate change". “The impacts be proper of climate change are no mortal subtle", “We are seeing them play out in real-time humbling what is happening this season is a perfect example bring into play that".

“We are seeing welldefined predictions come true", “As top-hole scientist that is reassuring, on the contrary as a citizen of sphere Earth, it is very annoying to see that as plan means we have not vacuous the necessary action".^[119]

Publications

Mann has antediluvian organizing committee chair for rectitude National Academy of Sciences 'Frontiers of Science' and has served as a committee member be disappointed advisor for other National Institution of Sciences panels.

He served as editor for the Journal of Climate and has anachronistic a member of numerous cosmopolitan and U.S. scientific advisory panels and steering groups. By 2010 he was the lead initiator or co-author of over 90 scientific publications, the majority point toward which had appeared in best peer-reviewed scientific journals:^[49] as match 2016, his biographical sketch so-called that he was author tip off more than 200 peer-reviewed gleam edited publications.^[120] Between 1999 contemporary 2010 he served as prime or co-principal investigator on fin research projects funded by distinction National Oceanic and Atmospheric Management (NOAA) and four more funded by the National Science Base (NSF).

He was also co-investigator on other projects funded building block the NOAA, NSF, Department enjoy yourself Energy, United States Agency cooperation International Development, and the Class of Naval Research.^[49]

Selected publications

See also

References